NORWOOD — GEOLOGY OF HOTHAM. 473 
a cast of Unicardium cardioides, to a hard rock-bed of tlie true Marlstone, 
two or three feet in thickness, which again is capped at the top of the 
ascent by a very rasty, rubbishy, and ferruj,irous rock. It is in the 
last division only that I have succeeded in obtaining fossils at this place 
in any quantity worth mentioning; and they are always in a very 
corroded and imperfect condition. The most plentiful forms are Belem- 
nites, and next to them, masses of Ehynchonella tetraedra; but with 
perseverance and good fortune Terehratula resupimta and other charac- 
teristic shells of the Middle Lias may be collected here. This zone may 
be traced both towards the north and south, though it does not maintain 
that upland character which it assumes in Hotham Park, for more 
perhaps than two miles of its course. It is seen in one direction, near 
Hotham, as we leave that village by the road to Beverley ; in the other 
it crosses the turnpike at Everthorpe, and passes close by the castle and 
church of South Cave. There is a moory valley with a surface of sand 
and peat lying along on the north side of Hotham towards Newbald, 
between the escarpment of the Lower Lias on the one hand and the 
rise of the chalk-wold on the other ; a favourite haunt, in spring and 
summer, of lapwings and sand-martens. Two pits, which were opened 
in this valley for marling, about a mile from Hotham church, have 
exposed a substratum of remarkable drift which is very well deserving 
of examination. It consists of a medley, in great masses more or less 
rounded, of all the surrounding formations, from the " Posidonomya- 
bed " to the White Chalk, and contains some organic remains distinctive 
of rocks which are not known at present to exist in situ anywhere 
in the neighbourhood of Hotham. For example, it has supplied an 
Ammonites cordatus, with a matrix of Oxfoi d clay, which leads me to 
suspect that that rock might be found stratified no great way off, 
especially as the Kelloway rock occurs in its place hardly more than a 
mile to the eastward. The fact, too, that the formations composing 
this drift lie mostly to the westward of their proper lines would indicate 
that the great transporting waters which accumulated these ponderous 
and disordered masses had their origin in some eastward direction. 
Jlixed indiscriminately in the general ruin lie large and small blocks 
of Middle Lias Marlstone) dissimilar, however, in colour and texture 
to the marlstone which I have mentioned as cropping out near Iforth 
Cave, and which may also be traced through Everthorpe and South 
Cave in its progress towards the Humber. The colour of there rocks 
2 M 
