REVIEWS. 
541 
elevated about six feet) ; the ice shoving from both sides until the fractured pieces 
met iu the centre of the track. 
The cxpansiou of the ice, as a rule, takes place from the centre of the mass, 
wheu the field is of equal density, aud acted upon by any uniform cause, as the 
mid-day sun or warm winds ; but the shoves are sometimes limited to particular 
areas or in special directions. This may happen from the different density of the 
ice, occasioned by the melting of snow-drifts on its surface, from its unequal 
thickness, from barrier tracts or islands, from particular winds, from other 
obstructive or modifying causes. 
In an instance of the efl'ects of the expansion of the ice from the centre of the 
field, Mr. Dumble tells us that " in December, 1857, the lake was covered with dense 
glare-ice five inches in thickness. The temperature was extremely low, ranging 
from minus 10° to minus 30° for some time after the ice formed ; it suddenly 
rose to pius 30° previous to rain. The expansion which followed was of the most 
violent description. The truss-bridge superstructure moved two feet six inches on 
to Tic Island ; the pile-briiige south of the island was forced four feet and a- half 
on to the south shore. The bridge was slightly shoved to the north, but was 
mainly preserved by the parallel channels that happened to be open for the purpose 
of isolating it in that direction. The centre of the bridge was not alfected in the 
slightest degree, it being the neutral point. The ice was piled on to Tic Island 
from the north, east, and west, but on the south side it was torn away from the 
shore, exhibiting a fissure or opening of twenty inches in width." 
Transactions of the Malvern Naturalists' Field Club. Part II., 1858. H. W. 
Lamb, Malvern. 
In this part is printed the anniversary address of the President, the Rev. W. 
S. Symonds, F.G.S., which contains some valuable remarks upon the geology of the 
Malvern district, and a rhuma of the local labours and discoveries of this excel- 
lent club. The address includes an interesting note, by Mr. J. W. Salter, of the 
Government Geological Survey, " On the Bone-bed at Brockhill." 
The address is followed by a paper " On the Aquatic and Terrestrial Algae of the 
Malverns," aud " On remarkable Fungi found on the Malvern Hills." This part 
is illustrated by three lithographic plates of the Bands of Llandovery Sandstone 
near Malvern, the Bone-bed at Brockhill, and the Malvern Fungi. 
Voices from the Rocks. 1857. London : Judd & Glass. 
Mr. Rupert Jones has already pointed out, in the pages of this journal, the 
manner in which the exploded affair of the so-called human footprints is brought 
forward in the book under notice in spite of its express withdrawal by the 
authority there quoted (Dr. Mantell) ; and, if this one point of mis-statement had 
stood alone, we might charitably have regarded it as an oversight ; but, when 
similar mis-statements are constant throughout the work, can we regard their 
occurrence as the result of inattention ? 
Of the opposition given by the author of the "Voices" to the doctrines of 
Hugh Miller, Bucklaud, Pye Smith, Hitchcock, and others, we make no comment. 
He has a right to dispute their inductions if he ' please ; but he ought to do so 
fairly. Tlwse men have all laboured faithfully, at least, and sincerely, whether 
successfully or not, to overcome a great difficulty ; but it is not f<%ir to raise a 
ridiculous position aud then laugh at it, as is done by the anonymous author iu 
the case of Mr. Miller. There is a want of justice to a deceased writer in the 
concluding passage of the third chapter, to which we refer : — ^" Suffice it to say, 
