126 
The Birds of Gambia. 
when their numbers are coiisidera})ly increased, one finds theiu in small 
parties or pairs, travelling abont the forest and feeding on the larger frnit- 
bearing trees. Their note is a flute-like whistle. They nest in the upper 
branches of tall trees. Native names: Katchaba (IMandingo) ; Ndukh and 
Katcha-Katcha (Joloflf). 
AI,AUDID^. 
There is but one species of I^ark common in Gambia; this is 
Galerila senegalensis. vSENEGAI. CRESTED LARK. 
This species ranges from the Mediterranean to the Niger and Somali- 
land, and eastwards to China. [Sh.) 
In the Gambia it is a common resident, but more often seen from 
about September to March, then during the other half of the year. It is 
particularly connnou on the road and flats near the sea at Balhurst. 
It is rather smaller than a Skylark and lias a more noticeable crest, 
but its general markings are much the same as that bird. It never soars, 
and has no song to speak of, but is found in pairs or small parties, running 
about the ground and taking short flights from place to place. 
Pyrrhulauda inelanocephala. 
WHITE-SHOULDERED SPARROW-LARK. 
Is described as ranging from Senegambia to the Niger and East to 
Khartoum, probabl}' also occurs in the Gambia, as there are specimens in 
the British Museum from Senegambia and the Casamance, the two imme- 
diately adjoining counties to the north and south of us. However I have 
as yet never met with the bird here. 
MOTACILLID.5;. WAGTAILS AND PIPITS. 
Anthus gouldi. Range. West Africa. 
The species is, I presume, the common Pipit of the Gambia. A pair 
shot (28/11/06) agreed well with the Catalogue's description of .,4. 
They are everywhere common ; plain-coloured little birds, which any day 
may be seen running about the fields or the edges of the swamp. They 
liave a short song, which is delivered from the ground on the slight 
elevation of a tussock or small ant-heap. In the winter thej- collect in 
small parties, associating with Wagtails, and haunt the old corn-fields. 
When disturbed they take short flights, only to return as soon as possible to 
the point from which they were driven. 
Mandingo name: Jattolingo ; one of the many small birds to which 
this name applies. 
Anthus itivialis. TREE PIPIT. 
Ranges from Europe to India and Africa. 
In Ma}', 1907, I saw at close range a single Pipit in Bathurst, which I 
am almost sure was this Pipit ; it certainly was not one of the commou 
Pipits of the up-country (gouldi). There is one specimen of the Tree Pipit 
in the British Museum from Daka, the capital of Senegal, which is only 70 
miles to the North of us. 
