THE GEOLOGIST. 
With the strata among which they lie. The claystone-porphyry of 
Bain, appears conformable as to individual beds, while in the mass 
it crosses the section of the country. I have never found igneous 
rocks in the positions of upheaving rocks. I have repeatedly found 
them in positions (4, 5) where they could not possibly be so. In 
Namaqualand the rocks between Springbok and Concordia were per- 
haps more decidedly gneiss-like than in any other part of the section, 
except perhaps near Kok A^ontein, yet I regard these two spots (the 
former about a mile north of Springbok Yontein, the latter two 
miles south-east of Kok Vontein) as the main axial lines of the 
country. Many facts concur to prove that whatever may have been 
the cause of the upheaval of strata in this country, igneous rocks 
have had nothing to do with it. That there are considerable difficul- 
ties about the stratification of this neiglibourhood, I fully belicA^e. 
That I have no clue to the satisf^ictory explanation of those difficul- 
ties I am obliged to confess. To mention one or two, I believe that 
encrinites are generally local in their distribution, that is, individual 
species are confined to a few beds ; and that if the same species of 
encrinite is found in these spots, the rocks containing them may be 
safely assigned to the same age or near it. At the northern base of 
the Coxcomb * are some nearly horizontal beds of blue and ferru- 
ginous schists containing trilobites, shell-fish, and encrinites, pro- 
nounced Devonian on good authority. The strike of these rocks is 
north 60° west nearly, and this line of strike would pass through 
Cape Eeciff'e. The Chatty beds of shale, which are in hills continu- 
ous with those of Port Elizabeth, would nearly correspond in strike 
with these beds ; and at Chatty two or three encrinites identical 
with those of Coxcomb occur. Yet at the former place the rocks 
dip at an angle of 45°. There do not seem to be any igneous rocks 
to account for this difference. At Naroos, near Uitenhage, the slaty 
beds are associated with quartzite, and dip at 60°-70°. 
Again, the beds containing spirifers or this encrinite at Kabel- 
jouw river's mouth, Jeff'rey's Bay, have but a slight dip on the sea- 
shore ; a little inland they have a greater dip, but at Hermansdorp, 
where the same spirifers or this of encrinite occur, they have a dip of 
80° close to their junction with the quartzite. I cannot account for 
these things. I suppose no one in the present day would call quartz- 
ite an igneous or upheaving rock. Yet it is certainly my impression 
that if any rock in this country influences the change of dip in either 
rocks, quartzite does. Mr. Niven, the gentleman from whom I have 
the last fact, and who has done so much in throwing new light on the 
geology of this province, tells me that the quartzite, a hundred and 
eighty yards from the slate, dips 45°. If compelled to suggest a reason 
for these things, it would be, that whereas quartzite might be meta- 
morphosed by addition of matter infiltrated, claystone, porphyry, 
granite, etc., might owe their origin to mere crystalline action under 
the agency of water, thermo-electric currents, etc. This last is 
Mr. Sterry Hunt's view, 1 think. 
* Part of the Winterhoek range, mis-spelt Mutcrhock in the abstract of my Paper. 
