PROCEEDINGS OE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES. 
67 
both from tlieir position and tlieir organic remains. But a deal yet remains 
to be done with them ; they have yet to be accurately traced, searched, 
and studied. Strata which yield, as they do, such valuable iron-ore, de- 
mand attention and examination. 
Yours very truly, 
John H. Macaltstee. 
Oxford, January \st, 1862, 
PEOCEEDINGS OE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES. 
Geologists' Association. — The ordinary monthly meeting was held 
on Monday, December 2nd, at 5 Cavendish Square. The Eev. Thomas 
Wiltshire, M A., F.G.S., President, in the chair. The following papers 
were read : — " On two beds of re-deposited Crag Shells in the vicinity of 
Yarmouth, Norfolk," by C. B. Kow, Esq., F.G.S. " On a Newly Dis- 
covered Outlier of the Hempstead Strata on the Osborne Estate, Isle of 
Wight," by Dr. E. P. Wilkins, F.G.S. " On the Exchange of Fossils 
among the Members," by A. Bolt, Esq., A. A. 
Professor Tennant exhibited several specimens of gold recently forwarded 
from Nova Scotia to this country. He read extracts from a Eeport which has 
made by Mr, Howe toLordMulgrave,tlie Governor of the Colony, in Septem- 
ber last, from which it appears that the gold-discoveries made in the colony 
in 1860 were unimportant, the gold being found in quantities so small as 
not to afford a satisfactory return for the labour of seeking for it. The 
exitement had accordingly subsided. Last March, however, a man acci- 
dentally discovered a piece of gold among the pebbles at a brook ; this led 
to further investigation, and it is now generally believed that gold in 
abundance exists in the colony within an easy distance of means of trans- 
port, and Mr. Howe considers that the Government will be warranted in 
assuming that at tlie localities where the chief working lias been hitherto 
carried on, viz. Tangier, Lunenburg, Lawrencetown, and Lake Thomas, 
gold-mining will be permanently established as a new branch of industry, 
tempting to the capitalist and attractive to the emigrant. The gold is 
found in quartz veins and in the sand on the shore. Specimens of gold 
in the matrix, and some of the gold grains found in the sand were exhibited, 
as also two ingots of pure gold cast from that discovered in the above- 
mentioned workings, 
Mr. B-ickard exhibited a machine recently patented, the object of which 
is to render peat available as fuel, to the same extent as coal, at a greatly 
reduced price. 
Manchester Liteeary and Philosophical Society. — Novemhcr 
^Qth, 1861, J. P. Joule, LL.D,, President, in the chair, A Paper was 
read by Mr. E. W. Binney, F.B.S., entitled " Additional Observations on 
the Permian Beds of South Lancashire," This was a continuation of two 
previous papers read before the Society, Since that time the author had 
made further observations on the Permian strata at Heaton Norris, near 
Stockport ; Medlock Vale, between Ashton and Manchester ; Chorlton- 
upon-Medlock, and Ordsal near Manchester ; and Skillaw Clough and 
Bentley Brook, near Newburgh, in the west of Lancashire. 
At Heaton Norris, in the sand dclf of Mr. Howard, near the railway 
station, the lower New Bed Sandstone was seen dipping to the south-west at 
an angle of 25°. This was succeeded by red and variegated marls having 
