70 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
Mr. Edward Hull, B.A., called attention to instances of glacial striations 
recently discovered by Mr. G. H. Morton, at Liverpool. During a recent 
visit to that town in connexion with his duties on the Geological Survey, 
Mr. Hull was kindly conducted by Mr. Morton to the spots where the 
strice are visible. One of these is at the south, the other at the north side 
of the town, and at the latter the extent of surface exposed is several 
hundred square yards. The rock-surfaces had been protected by a thick 
coating of boulder clay, which has been removed for brick-making. It is 
owing to the protection thus afforded to the rock that the striations are 
preserved in all their original freshness. The rock belongs to the New 
Eed Sandstone, and is a moderately hard reddish-brown and yellowish 
building-stone. There are two systems of striae, the primary one ranging 
N.N.W., the secondary nearly east and west. Of tiie latter, the markings 
are comparatively unimportant, but are very clear and sharp. The primary 
strise run in remarkably straight lines — in the form of deep groovings and 
scratches, and the whole surface of the sandstone is worn down to one 
uniform gently-sloping plane. 
It appeared evident, from the directions of the strise, that they had been 
produced by icebergs coming from the north, in all probability from the 
Cumberland mountains, where glaciers are known to have existed during 
the period of the boulder clay, or rather earlier. The secondary groovings 
might have been produced by bergs coming from North Wales, but this 
appeared very problematical. Tlie interest attached to these cases of gla- 
ciation was stated to arise from their position at so great a distance from 
the Cumberland range. In the immediate neighbourhood of these moun- 
tains, as also in that of North Wales, ice-mou.lded surfaces have frequently 
been observed, but never before on the New Eed Sandstone of Lancashire 
or Cheshire. 
Mr. E. W. Binney referred to the existence of similar striations on the 
Carboniferous limestone of Great Orme's Head, where the groovings were 
found to range northward, or outwards from the mountains of the interior. 
He also noticed the distribution of the Shap granite, blocks of which he 
had lately seen on the high Silurian and Carboniferous ranges to the south 
and south-east of Shap Fell. 
Mr. Brockbank stated that, on the high lands of Yorkshire and Derby- 
shire, he had observed erratic blocks which could be traced to their 
northern sources. 
Mr. Hull said, it had been shown, by a large number of facts, that the 
direction of the erratic blocks of the Drift period was from north to south, 
so that there must have been some predominating influence in operation, 
either prevalent winds, or, more probably, oceanic currents, tending to 
impel southward the icebergs and rafts which were the vehicles for the 
transportation of the erratic iDoulders and pebbles. 
Geological Society of London. — January 8, 18G2. — Sir C. Lyell in 
the chair. The following communications were read : — 1. " On the Car- 
boniferous Limestone of Oreton and Farlow, Clee Hills, Shropshire." By 
Professor John Morris, V.P.G.S., and George E. Eoberts, Esq. With a 
Note upon a new species of Ttericlithys, by Sir P. de M. G. Egerton, Bart., 
M.P., F.G.S. The rocks described in this paper are a series of thin beds 
of limestone and sandstone lying between the Old Hed Sandstone of South 
Shropshire and the Millstone Grit which forms the basement of the Titter- 
stone Clee coal-field. In consequence of the opening of new quarries and the 
cutting of a roadway through the Farlow ridge transversely to the strike 
of these deposits, the authors were enabled to add somewhat to the de- 
scription of the locality given in ' The Silurian System.' The series of de- 
