BLAKE — rOSSIL MONKEYS. 
83 
that they are zoologically inferior to the true moiakeys, and conse- 
quently more likely to have existed previously to them. 
The fossil monkeys of the New World are all of one geological 
age, tlie later pliocene. They are, moreover, analogous to the existing 
Platyrrhine monkeys of Brazil, thus proving that the physiological 
division of true monkeys into Catarrhine and Platyrrhine existed so 
long ago as tlie Pliocene age. "We find no Platyrrhine monkeys in 
the Old; no Catarrhine in the New World. The Frotopithecus 
Brasiliensis discovered by Dr. Lund in limestone caverns in Brazil, 
offers the nearest analogy to the howler monkeys {Mycetes) which 
are still found in the same locality. The Sapajou (Cebus macroc/na- 
tlius), the Sagouin {Callitlirix j^'^i'^it^i^us), and the little Ouistiti 
{Jacchus grandis), are all Brazilian forms. No Transmutationist will 
assert the probable, or even possible, derivation of American types of 
men from the Platyrrliine monkeys. 
Turning to the Old World, the earliest and one of the most inter- 
esting forms of fossil monkey has been discovered in the Eocene sand, 
at Kyson in Suffolk. It is the Eopithecus Colchesferi of Owen. Its 
nearest living analogue, the Macacns rhesus, is found on the banks of 
the Ganges. The Macacine form of monkey reappears in the pliocene 
beds at Grays, Essex, again reproducing a Bengal form, tlie Bonnet 
Chinois monkey {Macacus Sinicus). The older pliocene or newer 
miocene beds of the Scwalik, or Sub-Himalayan range, produce two 
species of Semnopithecus not generally distinct from tliose of the pre- 
sent day. A third Semnopithecus is found in the pliocene sands at 
Montpellier. In the miocene beds of Pikermi, at the foot of Penteli- 
con, in Greece, are to be found the remains of two species of Mcso- 
pithecus, a genus which Professor Wagner considers as intermediate 
between Hylohates and SeinnopUhecus ; but Professor Owen has 
pointed out that the third lobe of the last molar is as well developed 
in Mesopithecus as in Semnopithecus. 
Hitherto we have only had to deal witli tailed monkeys, mostly of 
small dimensions, and not differing much in type from those of the 
present day. Evidence has however been afforded to us of tlie occur- 
rence of two forms of fossil Gibbons {Pliopithecus and Dryopithecus), 
one of which has been regarded by more than one distinguished natu- 
ralist as approaching nearer to the human type than even the Gorilla. 
The illustrious Sir Charles Lyell has stated " that in anatomical struc- 
ture, as well as in stature, the Dryopithecus came nearer to man than 
any quadrumanous species, living or fossil, before known to zoolo* 
