92 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
at the Scilly Tsles such flints are found. At Croycle Bay, about half-way 
between Middle-Borousrh and Bagsy Point, at the mouth of a small 
transverse valley, ]\Ir. Whitley found them in considerable number, col- 
looting about 2(iO specimens, of which about 10 per cent, of the splintered 
flints at this place have more or less of an arrow-head form ; but they pass 
by gradations from what appear to be perfect arrow-heads of human manu- 
facture to such rough splinters as are evidently the result of natural causes. 
Hojice the author suggested that great caution should be used in judging 
what flints have been naturally, and what have been artificially shaped. 
2. " On some further 'Discoveries of Flint Implements in the Gravel 
near Bedford." By James Wyatt, Esq., F.G.S. Since Mr. Prestwich 
described the occurrence of flint implements near Bedford (* Geological 
Society's Journal,' No. 67, p. 366), Mr. T\>att and others have added 
seven or eight to the list, from the gravel-pits at Cardington, Harrow- 
den, Biddenham, and Kempston. Mr. J. G. Jeffreys, F.G.S., having 
examined Mr. Wyatt's further collections of shells from the gravel- 
pits at Biddenham and Harrowden, has determined seventeen other 
species besides those noticed by Mr. Prestwich, and among these is Ht/- 
drohia marginaia (from the Biddenham pit), which has not been found 
alive in this country. At Kempston, Mr. Wyatt has examined the sand 
beneath the gravel (which is destitute of shells), and at 3 feet in the sand 
(19 feet from the surface) he found Helix, Succinea, Bithnia, Pupa, Pla- 
noi'bis, etc., with flint flakes. 
3. " On a Hyana-den at Wookey-Hole, near Wells, Somerset." By 
W. Boyd Dawkins, Esq., F.G.S. In a ravine at the village of Wookey- 
Hole, on the southern flanks of the Mendips, and two miles jS^.W. of 
^^'ells, the river Axe flows out of the Wookey-Hole Cave by a canal cut 
in the rook. In cutting this passage, ten years ago, a cave, filled with 
ossiferous loam, was exposed, and about 12 ifeet of its entrance cut away. 
In 1859 the author and Mr. Williamson began to explore it by digging 
away the red earth with which the cave was filled, and continued their 
operations in 1860 and 1861. They penetrated 34 feet into the cave, and 
here it bifurcates into two branches, one vertical (which was examined as 
far as practical), and one to the right (left for further research). A lateral 
branch on the left, not far from the entrance, was also examined. The 
cave is hollowed out of the Dolomitic Conglomerate, from which have been 
derived the angular and water-worn stones scattered in the ossiferous cave- 
earth. Its greatest height is 9 feet, and the width 36 feet ; it is contracted 
in the middle, and narrow towards the bifurcation. Eemains of Hyaena 
spelcea (abundant), Canis Vulpes, C. Lupus, Ursus spelcBus, Equus (abun- 
dant), Rhinoceros ticJiorhinus, Rh. leptorhinus (?), Bos primigenins, Me- 
gaceros Hihernicus, C. BucMandi, C. Guettardi, C. Tarandus (?), C. 
Dama (?), and Elephas primigenius were met with ; remains of Felis 
spelcea were found when the cave was first discovered. The following 
evidences of man were found by Messrs. Dawkins and Williamson in the 
red earth of the cave — chipped flints, flint-splinters, a spear-head of fliiit, 
chipped and shaped pieces of chert, and two bone arrow- heads ; and the 
author argues that the conditions of the cave and its infilling prove that 
man was contemporaneous here with the extinct animals in the pre-glacial 
period (of PhiUips), and that the cave was filled with its present contents 
slowly by the ordinary operations of nature, not by any violent cata- 
clysm. 
Fehruary 5, 1862. — The following communications were read : — 
1. "On some Volcanic Plienomena lately observed at Torre del Greco 
and Kesina." By Signor Luigi Palmieri, Director of the Koyal Observa^ 
