118 
TilE GEOLOGIST. 
Norfolk coast ; whole trees, capable of being used for building purposes, 
are dug up in the adjoining valleys. 
"A question here suggests itself : Have not the students of these pleis- 
tocene strata neglected a little too much the written documents still in pos- 
session of the descendants of the ancient inhabitants of the country — the 
Welsh, or British, strictly so called .P Of the Cantrev-y-Gwaelod there is 
not only a general tradition, but even the names of certain of the ' hun- 
dred overwhelmed towns and cities,' of the harbours, and of the eminent 
men who governed the district, are still preserved in the poems and triads 
which have been collected and published in the ' Myvyrian Archaiology,' 
and elsewhere. • . . All this then seems to suggest the possibility that the 
time when the animals lived here, whose bones are collected in the caves 
of Tenby, may not have been ver3^1ong ago ; and though it is not intended 
to imply that these extinct animals lived here in England within the mo- 
dern historic period, much less at the time of the subsidence of the bay of 
Cardigan, about the year a.d. 500, yet may not those recent subsidences 
of the land be but the continuation of that action which separated us from 
the continent, and examples of the way in which that separation was last 
effected ? 
" A very brief notice of the second cave at Caldy, chiefly to record the 
discovery and site of it, will be sufficient, because when it was broken into 
for the first time, about two years ago, the quarrjTiien shovelled the sur- 
face bones, of which there were a good many, into the sea, and it shared 
after a little time the fate of the first cave, except that the floor is said to 
be still intact. A few bones and teeth have however been preserved. 
" Of the iJiird cave, perhaps the particulars at this time will be most 
interesting, because it contained, with the remains of some of the carni- 
Yora mentioned above, flint implements of human construction. 
" This cave is situated on the mainland, and has a large open entrance 
always known to the inhabitants by the name of ' the Oyle.' It runs far 
into the rock, and is easily entered to the distance of forty-eight yards, 
and further with a little difficulty. It was first examined archaeologically, 
about twenty years ago, by Major Jervis, and a brother officer. Three 
celts were dug up, two of stone, and one of metal. During the present 
year a somewhat careful examination was made of the contents of the 
water-washed earth at the bottom of one of the chambers which consti- 
tute the cave, and which chambers alone contain any deposit, for the nar- 
row parts are bare to the rock. Teeth of the bear were obtained, with a 
great quantity of the bones of recent animals. Here also were fish-bones, 
mixed with such modern littoral shells as the Patella, Cardium, Purpurea, 
Capilla, Mytilus, Littorina littoralis, L. litorea, Natica monilifera, etc., 
most of which, it is worthy of notice, are also found in the raised beaches 
which appear at heights above the sea, from one hundred to two hundred 
feet or so, all round the adjacent coasts, and up the Bristol Channel. 
" Indiscriminately mixed with these remains, were found some smaller 
flint chips, and bolt or arrow-heads. 
" On the question then of the antiquity of man upon our earth, our 
caves here at Tenby give as yet no testimony, because though works of 
art have been found mixed with these bones of huge animals, the cave- 
earth has been so disturbed, that their original position cannot be ascer- 
tained." 
