PROCEEDINGS OF GEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES. 
187 
many ripple-marked surfaces. It is only in this limited band tliat foot- 
prints of the Cheirotherium and four other much smaller reptilian impres- 
sions have been found; the only other trace of a fossil that has been 
discovered being the remains of an Equisetiform reed at Flaybrick, a 
neighbouring locality in similar strata. Higher beds of the Keuper sand- 
stone occur towards the east of Liverpool, where thick strata of grey and 
red shales, with yellow and red sandstones, form the uppermost part of 
the Keuper on the Lancashire side of the Mersey. In Cheshire the over- 
lying " Eed Marl " can be seen reposing upon still higher strata, about 
Greasby and other villages in AYirral. The thickness of the whole of the 
Keuper formation near Liverpool is probably about 550 feet. 
Glasgow Geological Society. — Mth ulpril. — About thirty of the 
members of the Glasgow Geological Society proceeded on their first ex- 
cursion of the season. The ground examined extends between Bowling 
and the river Leven. The heights above Auchentorlie House were found 
to be trappean ; a considerable platform of white sandstone in one spot, 
little affected by the surrounding igneous rocks, has been quarried for 
building purposes. Where the sandstone is contiguous to the trap, it is 
much altered. The excursionists next struck off in a north-westerly direc- 
tion, skirting the bold escarpment of the "Lang Craig;" crossing the eastern 
branch of the Garshake Burn, they discovered a trap-dyke intersecting and 
exposing a seam of the peculiar thin-beclded grey limestone of the " Bal- 
lagan " series of strata, evidentl}'^ underlying the thick-bedded sandstone 
of tlie higher level. A short walk brought the party to Garshake Burn. 
Here a highly interesting section of shale, sandstone, and limestone, ap- 
pears for a considerable distance along the banks of the stream. Then the 
party proceeded to Auchenreoch Glen, still further west. This glen di- 
vides into two branches, the stream which threads it flowing into the Leven 
above Dumbarton, and the beautiful sections of strata exposed in its banks 
have long attracted the attention of geologists. 
The Gates of Sodom," a vertical dyke of greenstone-porphyry cross- 
ing the course of the stream, which flows through a breach in this natural 
barrier, was an object of remark, as was also a grotesque column of tu- 
faceous felstone, locally known as ''Lot's Wife." Other trap-dykes were 
found intersecting and disturbing the strata, and in the lower part of the 
glen a seam of flbrous gypsum was discovered in the shale. 
The course of the stream was then followed to the low ground, where 
the underlying Old Eed sandstone was expected to appear, but the junc- 
tion could not be observed on account of the superincumbent drift. Some 
of the members now parted for Dumbarton, but some continued towards 
Bowling, and after view ing the junction of the Old Eed with the " Ballagan 
beds " in Dumbuck Glen, and visiting Dumbuck, finished with groping by 
moonlight for zeolitic minerals in Bowling quarry. — not without success. 
Geologists' Association. — Ajn^il 7, 18G2.-^Mr. Cresy read a paper 
" On some ancient skulls and flint-implements found in the Essex marshes 
during the progress of the Northern Outfall Sew er of the Metropolitan 
Main Drainage Works." 
The three skulls exhibited were found along tlie line of the sewer, one 
on the east, and another on the west side of the Eiver Lea, and the third, 
to which the greatest interest attached, in the East Ham marshes. A 
diagram was exhibited show ing sections of the strata at various points. 
Erom one to two feet of surface soil, chiefly vegetable mould, was first 
penetrated, then a bed of yellow^ or brown clay, three to five feet, then 
blue clay, two to four feet. — this sometimes alternated with beds of peat, 
— and then the gravel was reached. No shells of any kind have yet been 
