PROCEEDINGS OF GEOLOv'ilCAL SOCIETIES. 
189 
wells sunk for the drainage works ; the distance between them is 350 
feet :— 
Section No. 60. 
ft. in. ft. in. 
1. Surface Soil ..13 13 
Sectiou No. 61. 
Surface Soil . . . 1. 
('Brown Clav . . 1 
Soft blue Clay . . 4 
Peat 1 
Soft blue Clav . . 3 
Peat 1 
Soft blue Clav . . 2 
Peat 2 
3. Gravel (sunk into) 4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
9 
* Skull, t Celts t 
With boues of whale, deer, 
— ox, etc., at 15 ft. from — 
the surface. 
0 4 
4 6 Soft light -brown Clay 
;2, 
10 9 Soft blue Clav 
0 Gravel (sunk into) 
The surface of the marsh-laud at East Ham is 5 feet above Ordnance 
datum (Liverpool mean-tide), or 12^ feet above Trinit}' high-water mark. 
Consequently the level at which these relics were found, is one foot below 
low water spring-tide of the district. 
Such remains might be of like age with the relics of the Scandinavian 
Scone period or of the Swiss Lakes. They might be within the historic 
date. Nothing could prove this point but the strata themselves. It was 
not a little singular that on the opposite side of the river to the East Ham 
mai shes there were thick layers of cockle-shells beneath the soil in many 
places. One of these, perhaps the most easy to lind, occurred near 
Lesnes Abbey, and a small section of it was exposed at the side of the road 
leading towards the river. He did not mean to say that this was actually a 
refuse -heap, like the Kjokkenmoddings, but bethought such accumulations 
were worth examining. 
Royal Society. — March 27. — " Theoretical Considerations on the Con- 
ditions under which Drift Deposits containing the Eemains of Extinct 
Mammalia and Flint Implements were accumulated, and on their Geolo- 
gical Time." By Joseph Prestwich, Esq. In the paper which the author 
read before the Society in 1859, it was demonstrated that the flint imple- 
ments occurred in undisturbed gravels commingled with the remains of 
extinct mammalia ; but the theoretical considerations of the subject were 
then omitted. The author now showed that in existing river-valle3''s, in 
Section iu the Valley of the Seine, a a, high-level gravels ; cl, valley 
present river-course ; e e, chalk-rock in situ. 
ravels 
parts of England and France, two lines or zones of gravels or drift deposits 
are met with ; one at from fifty to two hundred feet above the present 
streams, and usually forming a terrace: the other ranging along the 
bottom of the valleys. The elevated terraces are portions of former valleys, 
wider and more shallow than the present ones, scooped out by other and 
different causes than mere ordinary river-action. The}^ are above the 
reach of the highest floods, and no other mass of water than that flowing 
up an arm of the sea could fill them. The Seine, at its highest flood, has 
