218 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
Goat {Capra Jiircus). The left ramus of the jaw of goat, from 
the Stanhope caves, exhibits on 2, m 3, and p 2, in place, the sockets 
of m 1 and of ^ 3 being left broken in the alveoli, and p 1 being 
absent. In another fragment also of left ramus p 2 and p 3 are left 
in situ. 
Eoebuck (Cervus capreolus). The broken fragment of the left ramus 
of the under jaw of Cerinis capreolus has lost all the teeth except 
the second and third premolars. These exhibit the characteristic 
sculpturing of Cervus, and present a marked distinction to the caprine 
bones from the same locality. The second premolar is divided 
into two lobes, the anterior being the smallest, and separated from 
the hinder lobe by a notch on the inner side of the crown ; the pos- 
terior lobe is subquadrate, and exhibits two islands of enamel, of 
which the hinder is the larger, and transverse to the axis of the jaw. 
The third premolar, approaching nearer to the bicrescentic form of the 
true molars in Eumiuantia, is again divided into two lobes, by 
vertical deprr3ssions on both the outer and inner sides. The anterior 
lobe is here the largest, and developes a prominent cusp on the inner 
side of the tooth. In it the enamel-island is crescentiform, though 
not extending so far back as the lateral notch. The transverse 
island, in the posterior cusp, is more than double the length of its 
representative in^ 2. 
The distal end of the metatarsal of a ruminant has been exposed to 
the action of fire — the end being charred. Evidence of the erosive 
action of the teeth of some carnivore is present on a vertebra, which 
has been gnawed to such an extent as to obscure its specific 
characters. 
Hog {Sus scrofd). Three large canine teeth of the wild boar, one 
of which is partially blackened, and the extremity of another canine, 
indicate the existence of the Sus scrofa ferus in the Durham bone- 
cave. Another more friable evidence consists of the blackened 
symphysis of a young hog, of which the right canine is in place, and 
all the deciduous teeth absent. In the jaw, the germ oip ^ appears, 
which has not yet appeared above the alveolus. 
Horse (Sqims cahallus). The unquestionable evidence of the 
existence of the Equus in the Heathery Burn Cave rests upon 
the discovery of a " corner nipper" (i 3) of the upper jaw, right side 
of an old horse, aged about 16 years. 
Water-rat {Arvicola ampliibia). The numerous evidences of the 
presence of this elegant-skulled little rodent are so perfectly pre- 
served that, though fragile, the incisor teeth retain their typical 
yellow colour. The fore-parts of two skulls, the left ramus of 
a lower jaw, and two separate small incisor teeth have been preserved; 
and as none of the animal matter has been removed, great doubt 
exists whether any great lapse of time has taken place since their 
being imbedded in the deposit. It is not stated at what depth these 
remains were found, but there is no stalagmite adhering to them., and 
their appearance, like that of the two copper halfpence (temp. 
Geo. II.), is very recent. Mr. J. Elliott (' Geologist/ vol. v. p. 169) 
