222 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
kenmoddings and Pfalilbauten.* Human osseous remains have not 
been demonstrated in the Kj'okkenmoddings themselves, according to 
the testimony of the latest observers of these shell-deposits. 
The broad ground may be admitted, that the earliest Briton skulls 
generally exhibit a supraorbital projection, which attains in its deve- 
lopment, however, nothing like the size of the ridge in the Neander- 
thal cranium. The majority of the British, Hibernian, and Caledo- 
nian skulls figured by Messrs. Davis and Thurnamf exhibit a large 
supraorbital ridge. This character is also present in a few of the 
Saxon skulls. 
The supraorbital development of the Briton skull from Ballidon 
Moor;]: is fully equal to that of the Engis cranium. The Neanderthal 
skull, however, admittedly stands sici generis. 
The Museum of Natural History at Copenhagen contains skulls 
of the " Stone Period" in Denmark with an excessive supraorbital 
projection. 
Aboriginal American races of high antiquity often exhibit a large 
supraorbital development. This may be seen on examining Morton' s§ 
plates of the Peruvian from Pachacamac (" Temple of the Sun "), plate 
11a, and the skulls of mound-builders from the Upper Mississippi 
(plate 52), Tennessee (plate 55), and Steutenville, in Ohio (plate 68). 
The frontal development of the Australian race, accompanied by an 
absence of the frontal sinus, has been frequently noticed, and several 
Australian skulls have the supraorbital ridge overhanging the origin 
of the nasals to the degree shown in the skulls from Engis and the 
Valley of the Trent. 
Supraorbital development in the Negro is far from being a constant 
character. It is undoubtedly present in many of the lower Negroes, 
but I have now before me a skull from Ashantee which exhibits less 
supraorbital development than many of the skulls from the " Stone 
period " in Denmark. 
In India, the range of variation ofi'ered by the Hill-tribes of Nepal 
exhibits the supraorbital ridge under a variety of aspects. The low- 
caste individuals, perhaps of all nations, have a greater tendency to 
repeat this character than the more elevated types. In Europeans, 
* A. Morlot : 
1. 'Lecon d'ouverture d'un'Cours sur la haute Antiquite, fait a TAcadeinie de Lausanne 
en Novembre et Decembre I860.' 8vo. Lausanue, 1861. 
2. ' Remarques sur les formations modernes dans le Canton de Vaud.' (Bulletin de la 
Societe^Yaudoise des Sciences naturelles, tome v No. 40.) 8vo. Lausanne, 1857. 
3. ' Etudes Geologico-Archeologiques en Dauemark et en Suisse.' 8vo. Lausanne, 
1860. (Bulletin, etc., tome v. no. 46.) 
4. ' On the Post-Tertiarj^ and Quaternary Formations of Switzerland.' 8vo. 
5. ' Recherches sui- les Habitations lacustres des environs d'Estavayer,' par M. Biot de 
Vevay et Henri Rey, redigees par M. ]Morlot. (Extrait des Memoires de la Societe des 
Autiquaires de Zurich, tome xiii.) 4to. 
t ' Crania Britannica.' 4to and folio. London : 1856. 
i: Loc. cit. 
§ 'Crania Americana.' Philadelphia: 1839. In a Pachacamac skull before me 
there is a very slight supraorbital development. 
