DU NOTER — THE SOUTH OE IEELA>'D. 253 
The last fact in tlie history of the recent elevations and depressions 
of the land, is the occurrence of submarine bog along the south and 
south-east coast of Ireland. From the position in which this bog is 
found, it is evident that the coast-line as it now appears had been 
first formed, and that an elevation, sudden or gradual, took place, 
sufficiently great to lay dry the shores now under the sea for a dis- 
tance seaward from the cliffs, sufficient to allow of the formation of 
marshes and lagoons, which after the lapse of ages became covered by 
a dense forest ; but how far this forest tract extended from the an- 
cient coast-line it is impossible to say ; eventually, this forest decayed 
and bog was formed. The land then subsided, till, strange to say, it 
regained the exact level at which it stood before the existence of the 
bog, and the sea once more beat against its former cliffs and soon 
covered up the peat at their bases with sand and silt as we now 
find it. 
The most southern locality where this submerged peat is observed 
is at Tralong Bay, a little rocky indentation on the coast, two miles 
to the south-west of Eosscarbery Creek ; the bog lies close against 
the cliff, and is well exposed at low water. In Eoss Creek, to the 
east of Eosscarbery, the bog at low water is denuded by the country 
people of the slob which covers it, and is cut and dried for fuel. 
Beech and hazel nuts, with Gmall branches of these trees, are fre- 
quently found in the peat. To the east of this, at the head of Clo- 
nakilly Bay and Dunworly Creek, a similar deposit of bog is observed 
at low water. The same fact is noticed at the head of Courtmarshery 
Bay. From this place, following the coast to the iST.E., we pass the 
entrance to Cork Harbour, and when we reach Ballycotten Bay, a 
distance of thirty-five miles, the submerged bog is again apparent 
close to the shore. At the head of TouMial Harbour it is ao^ain seen. 
It also occurs to the north of Ardmon Head, and has lately been 
described by the Eev. Professor Haughton, F.T.C.D., as present in 
Dungarvan Bay. Still following the coast, we find it at the head of 
Tramore Bay ; and it appears up the mouth of AVaterford estuary as 
far as Duncannon, a distance of eight or nine miles from the main 
coast-line. 
The occurrence of this submarine bog in a well defined estuary so 
far inland is very interesting, as it pro-v es that the creek was first 
formed, and therefore we may argue that the general coast-line 
had its present outlines before the growth of the timber required 
to make this bog. In Bannow Bay there is a similar formation, and it 
again is seen in Wexford Harbour. 
