394. 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
elevated parts of tlie Ebon mountain as far as Eeupert. Hence tlie mea- 
sures extend through Saxe-Weimar acrain into Bavaria, where a scam is 
known at Baner.sberg. The eastern border of these measures stretches from 
Fhidern through Saxe-Meiningen. Brown coal is met with to the north 
of this, in the districts of Geisa, Lengsfeld, Tiefenort, Vacha, and G-er- 
stungen. Some specimens are exhibited by proprietors of collieries in 
Nassau, Hesse, and Bavaria. 
The brown coal of the eastern group reaches all the way from the Thu- 
ringian basin, beginning at the foot of the KyfThauser to the extreme Sam- 
laudic part of the Baltic coast, — a length of 470 by a width between 
Domitz on the lower Elbe, and Franckenstein in Silesia, of 306 miles. 
The deposits form bays and basins on the eastern and northern edges of the 
hill-country, and spread thence under the diluvial formations of the low 
country. These deposits belong to the Oligocene division of the Tertiary 
period. On the left side of the Elbe, the brown-coal measures stretch 
far into the hills of the Hercynian system, forming separate bays, which 
are only partially connected with the large basin between Miessen and 
Magdeburg, where the course of the Elbe recedes more and more from 
the hills. The basin of Magdeburg extends from Helmstadt, in the Duchy 
of Brunswick, in a soiitlierly direction into the Prussian district of Neu- 
haldensleben. In the district of Helmstadt the area is 18"8 miles by 4'7 
miles, and the measures tliere have a lower group, which contains a seam 
ol' 3^ fathoms, and an upper group, containing probably two seams — one of 
one fathom thick and bad in quality, and another above 70 feet tliick. 
The seam of the lower group is worked between Schoniugen and 
Hotensleben, where it is divided into six beds, three of which give 36 feet 
of coal. Two seams near Strassfurth are from 24 to 40 feet. 
Another basin, separated from the Magdeburg by the river Saale, ex- 
tends into Anhalt-Bernburg, and far into the flat country, and forms the 
connecting link with the Thuringian basin by a great number of deposits 
of brown coal scattered over that area. In the neighbourhood of Halle 
the brown-coal deposits appear on the right bank of the Saale, and on the 
left, at Langenbogen, in the lake-district of Mansfeld, the seam has a 
thickness of 50 feet. The basin near Sangerhausen is very important ; 
one seam, separated by intermediate rock into 5 divisions, giving an 
aggregate of 20 feet of coal. 
In the district of Frankenhausen one seam attains the considerable 
thickness of 73 feet, and in the basin between that place and Espernstadt 
the coal attains to 84 feet in tlie middle, but decreases to 5 feet at the 
edges. Other deposits advance to the southern foot of the Kyff'hauser. 
Brown-coal measures extend from Zscherben, on the left bank of the 
Saale, througli the Merseburg and Weissenfels districts, to Skortleben 
and Bnrgwerben, spreading out eastward into the district of Querfurt. 
The brown-coal seams on the right bank of the Saale extend from 
Halle to Elster, where they are interrupted by a broad plain, and begin 
again near "Wallendorf. One of the most important deposits covers a 
field of nearly 38^ square miles, from Hilperitz to Naundorf and Porsten. 
The greatest development of brown-coal fields occurs in the neigh- 
bourhood of Taucha, Wobau, Kopsen, Wohlitz, and Worschau, run- 
ning out from this common centre in various directions. The measures 
of Wallendorf and Schladebaeh continue to the eastward into Saxony, 
where two seams are found near Priestaeblick, one 7 fathoms, the other 
about 6 feet thick. The same seam is found near Makrandstadt about 4 
fathoms thick, and near Quesitz 27^ feet thick, below two otliers of, to- 
gether, 10| feet. More eastward, near Leipsic, a seam of about 2 fathoms 
