420 
TUE GEOLOGIST. 
ON THE SKIDDAW SLATE VEINS. 
By Peofessoe Harkxess, F.E.S., F.a.S. 
The author pointed out the several areas where the Skiddaw slates occur 
in Cumberland and Westmoreland. He then proceeded to detail the na- 
ture of a section from Newlands, between Derwentwater and Buttermere 
on the south, to the carboniferous rocks at Sunderland on the north. This 
section exhibits two well-marked axes ; and through the series of rocks 
which occur between these axes and the green rocks appertaining to a 
higher series, wherever the Skiddaw slates put on a flaggy character, these 
strata afFo^-d fossils. 
A section from the green rocks on the north of Great Dod, across Sad- 
dleback, the valley of the Calden, and Caldbeck Fells, through the Skid- 
daw slate beds, was next described. This section shows a considerable de- 
velopment of metamorphic rocks in the valley of the Calden in connection 
with the granite of Skiddaw Forest, as alluded to by Professor Sedgwick ; 
and the strata in this section have for the most part a S.S.E. inclination. 
In this section, where the rocks are not metamorphical, and when devoid 
of cleavage, they also afford fossils. 
A section along the eastern margin of the Skiddaw slate and the super- 
ficial green rocks of Westmoreland was next referred to. In this section 
three small but separate patches of Skiddaw slates w ere pointed out, viz. 
one on the S.E. side of Ullswater, another in Hosgill Beck, and a third in 
Thornship Beck ; and in the two latter Skiddaw slate has been worked for 
slate-pencils. These also have furnished Professor Harkness with fossils, 
and their appearance is the result of three axes occurring between Ulls- 
water and Wastdale Crag. 
In a fourth section across Black Comb, the arrangement of the Skiddaw 
slates, as these occur in their most southern position in the Lake district, 
was also indicated. In the Black Comb area the prevalent dips are 
IV.N.W., and from near the base of the Skiddaw in this section fossils were 
also obtained. 
The organic remains which Professor Harkness procured from the seve- 
ral areas of Skiddaw slate consist for the most part of graptolites. Of 
these, there are two genera which have been recognized by Mr. Salter as 
known in the Quebec beds of Sir W. Logan and in the Lower Silurians of 
Australia, viz. Tetragrapsus and Dendrograjjsus of Hall. Besides these 
there is a phyllopod Crustacean, which Mr. Salter regards as identical 
with a form from the Australian Lower Silurians. Professor Harkness 
also indicated the occurrence of tracks in the Skiddaw slates, and pointed 
out certain bodies which he regarded as the cases of Annelids allied to the 
modern Terebella. 
The position of the Skiddaw slates and their fossil contents justify the 
conclusion that they are referable to the horizon of tlie Lower Llandeilo. 
ON THE PALEONTOLOGY OF MINEKAL VEINS, AND THE SECON- 
DAEY AGE OF SOME MINERAL VEINS IN CARBONIFEEOUS 
LIMESTONE. 
By Chaeles Moore, F.G.S. 
In directing the attention of the Geological Section of the British Asso- 
ciation to the above subject, the author first referred to remarkable geolo- 
