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found : one a hatchet, roughly cut out of limestone ; the others being ser- 
rated lance-heads of different sizes. No human bones have as yet been 
discovered, though there is reason to believe that the cavern was frequented 
by man from the earliest period. 
The great works which have recently been going on at the citadel of 
Antwerp have been made to do good service to geology by M. Dejardin, 
the captain of engineers in charge of them, who has rendered account of 
two admirable sections to the Belgian Academy. One, commencing at the 
old citadel on the south, follows the principal trench, approaches nearly to 
the new citadel on the north, and ends at one of the outworks near the 
Scheldt. The other section begins at the Scheldt above the city, at a place 
called Den Berg, in the prolongation of the principal face of No. 8 Fort at 
Hoboken, and terminating at the right extremity of the Campine^ canal. 
The deposits shown are — 
1. Vegetable earth. 
2. Ferruginous sand. 
3. Peat. 
Diluvial Period 4. Campinian sand. 
e ,j. . T) • 1 r 5. Argillaceous sands. 
ScaldisianPenod...|g ^^ey sand. 
■p.. ,. -n • J 17- Green sand. 
Diestian Penod |g ^^^^^ ^^^^ 
Rupelian Period ... 9. i\j-gillaceous marl. 
Modern Period -| 
The peat is, M. Dewall thinks, of very modern origin, as it contains 
bones of animals of species still living in the country, and arms and pottery 
belonging to periods not very remote. It contains also undecayed stems 
of vegetables. The Campinian sand is formed of grains of white quartz, 
coated with various substances, chiefly hydrate of iron, and indurated clay. 
It is entirely devoid of shells. At the base of these sands there is a bed 
of quartz pebbles mingled with small teeth of fishes. This is probably a 
band of the " Cailloux Ardennais." At the top of this bed there have been 
found mammoth grinders, and a part of a skull with gigantic horns. 
The Scaldisian deposits consist of an upper yellow argillaceous sand 
(No. 5), containing teeth of sharks (Sqnalus, Carcharodon, OxijrJiina, Tri- 
gonodon, Lamna), seal, and ziphius, etc. ; ear-bones of Balfenoptera ; and 
casts of shells in indurated clay or ferruginous sandstone. Below this are 
other argillaceous sands, with considerable quantities of broken shells ; and 
from the list of these species given by various naturalists, this deposit 
would seem to be the equivalent of the Eed Crag or Coralline Crag of 
Suffolk. The fossils contained in this deposit are those in the lists nos. 33 
and 34 of M. D'Omalius, in his ' Geologic de la Belgique.' Below these 
argillaceous sands is a grey sand, containing the same fossil shells and 
bones. At the base of this bed blocks are met with formed of grains of 
quartz and glauconite, consolidated probably by the dissolution of the 
shells, and having usually as nuclei shells, bones, or small branches of 
trees. The latter are often decomposed, giving rise to cavities in the 
stone. Amongst the fossils of this deposit are the jaws and teeth of the 
Squalodon Antverpiensis . Pecten LamalUi, Terebratula jperforans, 2ivA a 
species of Spatangus, occur in great numbers. Ditrupa suhulata, bryo- 
zoons, Lingula Dumortieri, and Terehratula Sowerhiana, are also met with. 
The Sable vert of the ' Systeme Diestien " next follows. It contains 
hardly any shells or bones, and those met with are of particular species. 
Quantities of oyster-sheUs are seen, and Isocardia lunulaia is also very 
abundant. Between the green and black sand there is met with at Kiel a 
VOL. V. 3 K 
