460 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
ranted in concluding that up\Yards of 500 animals were deposited in tliafc 
limited space. 
Tlie coloured map of tlie German Ocean exhibited at the meeting, showed 
the localities T^'hence the organic remains are chiefly taken ; certain spots 
marked thereon are the fishing-grounds, and, therefore, the depositories of 
the fossils with which we are made familiar ; but we cannot doubt that 
these exuvia3 are more generally distributed over the sea-bottom. The 
following specimens were exhibited : — Teeth of three species of ele- 
phant, Eleplias primigenius, E. antiquus, and E. meridionalis ; cervical 
and dorsal vertebrae of the same genus ; two teeth of a hippopotamus (a 
dorsal vertebra has since been brought up) ; a dorsal vertebra of a whale ; 
a unique specimen of a lower jaw of th^ Trichechus rosmarus ; heads of 
the Mec/accros Sibernicus, male and female ; an anterior dorsal vertebra 
of ditto (an antler, 4 feet 6 inches long, has since been brought me) ; atlas 
of ditto; a fragment of an antler of Cervus tarandus ; the humerus of a 
gigantic ox ; a portion of the head of the Equus fossilis ; and a fine speci- 
men of Castor Eiiro]}(Bus, the head. The colour of these specimens might 
lead us to believe that they belonged to the Mammaliferous Crag period ; 
but colour is not a decisive criterion. It is probable that they may have 
lain in close proximity to a bed of crag ;* they are unquestionably from a 
Pleistocene deposit. 
And, now, as to how these organic remains came to be at the bottom of 
the ocean. At a not very remote geological period our island was united 
with the continent ; a catastrophe took place which separated them and 
led to the formation of the G-erman Ocean. This gap has been continually 
enlarging, from the crumbling down of the clifi*s on either side ; the fossils 
have thus been exhumed, carried out to sea daring storms by retiring waves, 
and there deposited. ]S'o doubt, also, that many remains which lie buried 
in the land that originally united us to the continent sank bodily with 
it, and consequently they are met with when the sea-bottom is raked over 
b}^ the trawling-nets of the fishermen. 
P.S. — I give the measurement of three tusks. One, belonging to Mr. 
Owles, measures — length of external curve, 7 feet 5 inches ; girth at 
proximal end, 18 inches ; radius of inner curve, 3 feet. 
I possess two perfect tusks — one, length, 6 feet 3 inches ; girth, 17 
inches ; radius of curve, 3 feet 3 inches : the other, length, 6 feet ; girth, 
12| inches ; radius of curve, 4 feet 2 inches. These proportions indicate 
that my specimens are from two distinct species of the elephant. 
A femur of the mammoth in my possession measures 3 feet 5 inches, 
minus the head of the bone, which is gone. 
The late Eev. Mr. Layton possessed the finest collection of mammalian 
remains from the Norfolk coast. At his death it was purchased for the 
British Maseum. 
NOTES OJf DEEP OR ARTESIAN WELLS AT NORWICH. 
By the Rev. J. Ceomptox. 
The object of this paper is to put on record the facts connected with the 
attempt now being made by Messrs. J. and J. Colman, of London and 
Norwich, to bore a deep well through the chalk to the Lower Oreensand. 
Mr. Rose, of Yarmouth, in the 'Proceedings of the Geologists' Associa- 
* The atlas of the Megaceros has a Tarritella incrassata (Crag fossil) sticking in the 
caual for the vertebral artery. 
