470 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
genera Cyvlonema HapJiistoma, lEcculiomplialus, several bracliiopods, 
amono;st them Lejpicena sericea, Strophomena depressa, Theca, and the 
branching variety of small coral, Sfenoporafihvosa. These latter beds Mr. 
Baily considers of Bala or Caradoc age, and therefore to overlie the Grap- 
tolite slates. Other Lou-er Silurian localities and fossils are noted in these 
districts in the paper. 
Geology of Moffat. — In the ' Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal' 
for July, Mr. Wm. Carruthers, F.L.S., has described the geology of Mof- 
fat, in Dumfriesshire. AYithin a radius of four or five miles round the vil- 
lage, Silurian, Permian, a trap dyke, and the Boulder clay and gravel are 
met with. Peat also is abundant in the district. In the low grounds it 
contains the trunks of trees of species still growing in the district, namely 
hazel and birch. 
Fossil Man. — La Salle Presse states that, in Macoupin county, Illinois, 
the bones of a man were recently found on a coal-bed capped with two 
feet of slate rock, ninety feet below the surface of the earth before the run 
cut any part. The bones, when found, were covered with a crust or coat- 
ing of hard glossy matter, as black as coal itself, but when scraped away 
left the bones white and natural. 
BoxE Caves of Malta. — The excellent account of the fossiliferous caves 
of Malta, by Mr. Andrew Leith Adams, surgeon, 22nd Eegt., read before 
the Dublin Eoyal Society in JSTovember last year, is printed in the October 
number of the ' Dublin Quarterly Journal of Science.' The caves described 
are on Maghlak, 300 feet above present sea-level, Ghar Hassan's, and one 
near Zebbug ; and mammalian relics are noted from Crendi, Dingli, and 
Gozo. " We know not," says Mr. Adams, " and may never probably dis- 
cover with any degree of accurac}", tcJien the important phenomena oc- 
curred which ended in forming the Malta and Sicily of our times. That 
there was a connection between the two islands and Africa during the later 
Tertiary epochs seems highly probable — the fact of the African elephant 
having been found near Palermo, as well as complete skulls of a species of 
hyaena very like the animal of Africa, leads us towards the supposition that 
there vN as also a union between Sicily and that continent." Two plates, 
containing figures of the skull, teeth, lower jaw, etc., of Myoxiis Meli- 
tensis, accompany the paper. 
The Exhibition Feog. — Sir, — Lately there have been a great many 
letters in the ' Times ' and other newspapers, regarding the frog stated to 
have been found in coal that has been displayed in the Exhibition. The 
different writers have different opinions, but amongst all of them I did 
not see the name of one practical geologist. May I ask one question — In 
the formation of coal, would there not have been an amount of heat pro- 
duced that would inevitably have burnt the frog to a cinder? — C. W. 
[In Vol. I. of this magazine, our inquirer will find a convincing argu- 
ment against the absurd idea of living frogs embedded in coal. The 
reptiles of the Coal period were of labyrinthodont structure, and if it 
had been possible that a frog could have been embedded alive for myriads 
of years, which of course it is not, it would have had distinguishing laby- 
rinthodont characters, and would not have been of a common recent 
Batrachian species. It does not follow, nor is it likely, that a high tempe- 
rature must have been produced in the formation of coal. Many chemical 
operations accomplished speedily by high temperatures are effected natu- 
rally by long-continued action at lower temperatures. — Ed. Geol.] 
Human Bemains at F gihoul. — M. Malaise, a Belgian palseontolcgist, 
exploring in the province of Liege, has recently discovered certain frag- 
ments in a cave at Engihoul, which are valuable as evidence. The cave 
