REVIEWS . 
473 
and amongst the vegetable fossils, Pecopteris aquilina and various Nevro- 
pteris are recorded. Up to this point the geological succession of the for- 
mations has been unbroken ; but on coming to the Secondary period 
we find the Permian, Triassic, and the Jurassic, or more than three- 
fourths of the Secondary division, missing. The upper part of the Secon- 
dary deposit is however found at the forest of Touvais, where the ceno- 
mauien beds of the cretaceous formation appear; the white chalk, so 
common in ascending the Loire, in Touraine, being wanting in the depart- 
ment. The Tertiar}' age is represented by the Lower Eocene at Machecoul, 
Campbon, and other places ; and the Tipper Miocene at Vieillevigne, 
Laroux, Eottereau, etc. The upper Tertiary or Pliocene is absent. Of 
the quaternary deposits, the lower drift, marsh turbaries, and river-de- 
posits are met with, spread as usual superficially over various portions of 
the district. 
The topography of the map is seemingly very good, and as the number 
of geological explorers of this interesting region must necessarily be pro- 
portionately small, we trust that ]M. Cailliaud will find his labours pecu- 
niarily rewarded by the purchases by other travellers, to whom this map 
will prove a verj' useful companion for other than geological purposes. 
Die Wuiider der Uricelt, eine popular e Darstellung der Geschichte der 
Schopfung und des JJrzustandes unseres IVeltkdrpers, etc. By Dr. 
W. P. U. Zimmermann. 8vo. Berlin. 1861. 
The eighteenth part of this popular German treatise is before us, and is 
devoted to palceontology^ and astronomy. It forms one of a cheap elemen- 
tary series, each part price %d., and composed of forty-eight pages. The 
typography' and paper are rather better than the average in compilations of 
the class ; the letterpress and illustrations much worse. This can be imagined 
when we inform our readers that the figure on page 5 of " Elephas primige- 
niiis {voricehlicher Elephant) " is that of the Mastodon Oh'oticus, although 
very badly drawn, especially in the knee-joints, and with an artificial eye 
put in the wrong place. A woodcut on page 16 is given, exhibiting a 
flint and a magnified Xanthidium by its side, which is labelled Feuer stein 
mit Seestern," while on the same page the triassic star-fish. has the name 
" Seestern " more correctly applied to it. On page 8, the two human 
skeletons from Guadaloupe are drawn side by side, but on wholly difierent 
scales, the one which is copied from Cuvier's ' Ossemens Fossiles ' being 
about double the size of the drawing from the British Museum specimen. 
The impression which Dr. Zimmermann is kind enough to tell us he means 
for an " Unterkiefer eines Alligators," and which is, no doubt. Alligator 
Santoniensis, is perhaps the worse specimen of engraving we have ever 
seen, except the Plesiosaurus on the same page. The following statement 
is made : — " Einem Ungeheuer dieser Art gehort das unter dem Xamen Hy- 
drarchos gezeigte Knochengeriist von 120 Fuss Ldnge." The author is 
evidently not aware that later observers have reduced this 120 feet to 70. 
The best and only diagram of the earth's strata which Dr. Zinmiermann is 
able to give, is the section of the artesian well at Pentonville ; above which, 
a picturesque landscape of high mountains, a distant village, poplar-trees, 
and a railway train a V Allemande are proudly displayed. But the vignette 
on page 1 is most remarkable. It represents an encounter between a miner 
armed with a pick, and a gigantic skeleton of something between a Ptcro- 
dactyle and a jackdaw. The whole thing is so fearfully grotesque, that we 
must forbear to harrow our readers' feelings with its description. The 
cover of the work is a golden blaze of Palaeontology, and is covered with 
VOL. V. 3 P 
