90 
Birds of the Jhelum District. 
I'iviT is much divided by islands and sandbanks, whrjrc! 
(hiTf were great quantities of Ducks, sitting cither on the 
sand and stones by the water's edge, or resting on I he sur- 
face of the water, often allowing themselves to drift rapid- 
I3' with the current ; the majority were Mallard, Teal, and 
Gadwall. Also there were the greatest number of JRuddj' 
Sheld-drakes {Casarca niiila) that I luive seen; on one 
occasion I counted over thirty on the wing together. A 
single Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carho) was sitting with a 
party of Duck. 
Grcenshanks, Common Sandpipers, and few Stints and 
Ring Plovers {.Eijiulitis ditbia, doubtless), and T^apwings 
were noted here and there, feeding at the water's edge. 1 
also saw one Redshank, and a single Red-wattled f/apwing 
{Sarcogrammus indicua) — the latter, though a oommon species 
during the summer, almost entirely disappears during the 
winter. The Black-bellied Tern (Sterna mclanogasfcr) was 
fairly numerous . 
White AVagtails (Motacilla alba alba, Linn.) were 
also seen here and there singly, searching the sandbanks 
by the water's edge ; this species and the Masked Wagtail 
(Motacilla alba pvrsovafa , Gould) were the only kinds ob- 
served during the month, with the exception of a single Grey 
Wagtail noted below. 
In the neighbourhood of some low sandy cliffs were 
numbers of some species of Sand Martin ; they were pro- 
bably nesting or about to nest there, but I had not time 
to ascertain for certain. 
Some Small Minivets (Pcrirrocotiis pcrc(jriuus) noted ; 
this species is here a resident and partial winter immigrant, 
but is not so common as the Short-billed Minivet (P. brcvi- 
rostris) which is only a winter visitor. 
Jan. 5. — A party of five Pintail Sand Grouse (Ptcroclunis vxustus) 
flew over the Police Range in the early morning. S'jvcral 
Blossom-headed Parrakeets in my compound. 
Saw what was probably a Sparrow -Hawk {Arcipiter 
nisus). 
Jan. G. — Six Cranes (Grus co))imunis) were circling for a time at 
midday above my bungalow. 
Two fresh eggs secured by my Orderly from a nest 
of Aquila vindhiana which I found in camp about 30 
miles from headquarters on December 14th ; on that date 
there were no eggs, but both birds were present, the female 
being in the nest, which was situated at the top of a Thorn 
tree by a roadside . 
Jan. 8. — A Grey-headed Flycatcher -Warbler in compound; a White- 
throat (Sylvia af finis?) seen. The first Black-throated 
Thrush (Merula atrigularis) noted in the Rak ; this is 
