20 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
specimens coUected at RcdliiU, in Surrey, and presented by Mr C. Roach 
Smith to the Society of Antiquaries of London These give sufficient lUus- 
tration of tliis class 6f articles, whether of fossil, Celtic, or modern date, llake- 
saws arc met with m graves ; but we are not a^yare that any of these have been 
found in any really geological formation. . . , , ^ ^i i 
The arrow-heads (figs. 32 to 3G) can scarcely be said to belong to the class 
of Hake instruments, jdt hough formed of fragments of flints, as they have been 
alwiivs more or less, and sometimes elaborately, chipped and trimmed into the 
Figs. 32— 36.— Flint Arrow-heads from Canada. In the collection of Dr. G. D. Gibb, F.G.S., 
of London. Scale one-fourth. 
required shapes. The specimens figured are from specimens brought from 
Canada, by Dr. G. D. Gibb, F.G.S., of London, and a notice by him of this 
class of objects is printed in the "Notes and Queries," page 422, of vol. iii. 
Fig. 37 is a specimen of this class of objects made 
of smoky quartz, from Peru. Such chipped arrow- 
heads are found in India also, and sometimes these are 
of " blood-stone." In other parts they are made of 
obsidian and other volcanic and hard rocks, and their 
distribution is very general. There is nothing, how- 
ever, positively known as to then- being of geological 
age, although it seems probable that many of them 
Fio- 37 -Arrow-head of ^^'^} especially the American and Canadian specimens. 
Smoky Quartz, from Peru, which may belong to the vcry remote age of the 
Nat. size 2^ inches by u ctyq^x mammalia. Their dates of manufacture are, 
mches. In the collection of P . , „ , , 
C. Rickman, Esq. however, very various, and some of them are un- 
doubtedly of comparatively modern workmanship. 
We now turn to another subject — the indications we have of the human, 
workmanship of the veritable fossil implements which have been found with 
the bones of extinct mammals. Eii'st, then, there are two or three leading 
facts wliich seem to attribute these implements to a same and primitive people, 
namely, the extensive geographical area over which they are found; theii* 
general resemblance to each other, whether of the large or small kinds ; or 
from whatever country, whether England, Prance, Sicily, Denmark, the French 
African possessions, Lithuania, Poland, and, as far as we know also, Canada 
and America. There is also the apparent identity of the methods employed in 
working them to their requu'ed forms, and which" is so remarkable as almost to 
convince us of, at least, the identity of origin and community of the probably 
wandering tribes by which they were made and used. The first and most 
powerful argument of their human manufacture is the immistakeable evidence 
of dcHifin. They are evidently— a first glance satisfies us of \\\\h—instriments 
adapted to specific purposes. No living being desigm or makes anything as a 
means to accomplish an end or purpose but man. No other being exhibits 
forethought in manufacture ; none whatever. No other being uses a cutting 
or piercing mstrument ; none. They seize, tear, gore, with their claws, beaks. 
