70 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
this coast in 1848, and several visits since paid to it, in company with 
Mr. Morris, Mr. Godwin- Austen, and other geologists, confii-med myself 
and my companions in the same view— a view, I find, which agrees 
with that taken by the Rev. Mr. Gunn, who has made this part of the 
coast his especial study for some years past. So variable, however, is 
the condition of the cliff, that on each occasion some new point of 
interest has been displayed. 
Commencing with the lowest beds of the series, the Chalk and over- 
l^ang Crag are not exposed. The dark sandy clay (g), known as 
the Forest bed, from the abundance, amongst other remains, of stems 
and trunks of trees found in and on it, here forms the base of the 
cliff; but it is only exposed at a few spots, and when the talus, too 
frequent at the foot of the cliff, is washed away. Immediately upon 
it is a thin bed of sand, gravel, and clay, in variable proportions, con- 
taining a number of mammalian remains, and especially characterised 
by the Elephas antiquus. 
Above this is a series of thin beds of sand (h), with subordinate 
gravel and clay seams, together from twelve to twenty feet thick. 
No fossils had hitherto been found here in this part of the section, 
but in a visit there in 1858, the Rev. Mr. Gunn showed me, on the 
south of Mundesley, a thin seam of pebbly clay ( x ) in the lower part of 
this series, and only one or two feet above the Forest bed, full 
of Freshwater shells, chiefly U^iio, Gydas, Pisidium, etc., all, I 
believe, of recent species, and hke those in the overlying Freshwater 
deposit (b). * On examining the same zone, on the north of Mun- 
desley, I could not find the same clay bed, but I found in a higher seam 
of sand Cijlas and Succinea; and further I found above this level, and 
in the middle of h, a thin seam full of some marine shells, but in a 
very fragile condition. They consisted of the common Mytilus edulis, 
with Balani attached to some Ldttorina littoralis/ Natica, and one or 
two other indeterminable specimens. Above this series (h) is the 
great bed of Boulder clay (g), here not more than seven to fifteen 
feet thick. North and south of Mundesley, this is succeeded by a 
series of laminated clays, upper Boulder clay, loams and sands, 
(f) , of great thickness — with a bed of gravel capping the whole. 
But at Mundesley these upper beds have been removed and an old 
valley, the bottom of which is occupied by a Freshwater deposit, cut 
through them. The section, which is well exposed in the cliff, shows 
the former old valley to have been deeper than the present one, and 
scooped o^t through all the sands and gravels (f), the Boulder clay 
(g) , and down nearly to the so-called Forest bed. The bottom of this 
depression is lined first by a bed of gravel, and then filled up to the 
depth of twenty to twenty-five feet by a peaty clay, abounding in 
* It is probable that this bed of Freshwater clay, before the building of the 
sea-waU might, without a clear exposure of the chff, have had the appearance of 
being prolonged from b— being on the same level, and much like in mineral 
character. The bed of gravel (64), which necessarily cuts off aU communication 
/, X® . beneath, clearly isolating and separating the upper Freshwater 
beds ({)), from the lower one 
