106 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
P. Ludensis ranges up into the Upper Ludlow shales, in which it 
was found as far back as 1852 by Dr. Harley, of King's College. I 
have not heard of other Cephalaspids being found in Upper Ludlow 
rock, but in the Downton sandstone they reappear, and are abundant 
in the neutral ground lying between that rock and the tilestones, 
and still keep the company of Euryptera and Pterygoti. The Down- 
ton sandstone is well displayed near Kington ; where in a quarry near 
Bradnor Hill, two forms of Pteraspis were discovered by Mr. Richard 
Banks. These are described and figured by him in the Geol. Soc. 
Joum., vol. xii., p. 93. 
The noted railway-section near the Ludlow station is in the zone 
of these passage-shales, and has been most indefatigably worked by 
Messrs. Lightbody and Marston. Other exposures of these fish- 
bearing shales occur, though all are not equally prolific. The earliest 
true Cephalaspis comes to us from the lowest layer of the passage- 
bed. Auclienaspis, an allied genus was first found in the Ludlow ex- 
posure of the shales, but lately our best specimens have come from 
a south-east extension of the bed, cut through by the railway near 
Ledbury. An interesting memoir of this exposure will be found in 
the Geol. Soc. Journ., vol. x\a., pp. 193-7. Its author, the Rev. 
W. S. Symonds, proves the existing relationship between the Ludlow 
and Ledbury deposits ; and notes the discovery of Pteraspis in red 
and mottled marls and sandstones (passage-rocks), lying above 
Downton sandstones at the tunnel-mouth; and of abundance of 
Auchenaspis (which may be described as a small Cephalaspis with a 
neck-collar, or plate filling up the space behind the eyes, and between 
the cornuted prolongations of the shield), in the top layers of the 
transition beds, answering in stratigraphical position to those on the 
Ludlow railway. The upper tilestones are the next repositories of 
Cephalaspids with which I am acquainted. 
Many good specimens of Pteraspides came out of this rock when 
it was quan-ied at Trimpley, near Kidderminster, and two heads of 
Cephalasjns Murchisoni (?) were met with by me ; but when I saw 
the locality last, some veiy fine potato -plants were making good use 
of their time just over the hole which had given me good fossils, 
and two cottages near-hand owned the quarry as a garden ; so no 
more Pteraspides at Trimpley. But one notable exposure is left to 
us at Whitbatch, three miles north-east of Ludlow — a classical spot 
as having given the late Dr. Lloyd the first Pteraspis buckler, which 
stiU retains its name of P. Llmjdii. The relationship between these 
tilestones and the overlying hard cornstone rock, pure enough in 
this neighbourhood to be burnt for Hme, is plainly to be seen in the 
quarries in the DowTiton drive, and a more instructive walk cannot 
be taken than that leading through the Whitbatch woods to Hayton, 
Sutton, and Bouldon. Indeed, it is to this gi^ound that I wish to 
du-ect the special attention of travelling geologists, for I cannot think 
it has had fall justice done to its merits. Pteraspis is not uncommon 
m fragments among the tilestones in the great quarry on the west 
side of the drive to the Hall— by the way, there is a band of com- 
