120 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
anv si""ii of violence or alteration, except such as vre should expect from theii' 
havinf?formc(i the walls of a dyke of molten matter. The strata are never either 
"twisted" or "contorted," as mOst would understand the terms, and certainly 
not, near Dibble Eridge and Westerdale, as Mr. Bewick has described. The 
scam at Fryup End, which we find there spoken of as the Lias seams which 
have been opened out and show a thickness of ten feet, is in reality the oolitic 
seam of the Inferior Oolite immediately below the great sandstone rock, as 
may be seen in the narrow defile of Crunkley. The Lias beds are, at this par- 
ticular point, two hundred feet below the sui'face ; the seam opened out is 
analogous to the great Eosedale iron-rock, which is sufficiently explained in 
the article to which we have above referred. 
Mr. Bewick's plan of coloui*ing green the strata covered by grass, etc., is an 
unscientific mode of overcoming a trifling .diflSculty ; a short glance would 
have shown him, for example, that the village of Castleton rests on the Liferior 
Oolite. The granitic boulders are, in all probability, from Shap Tells, in 
Westmoreland,"^ and not from Devonshii*e, as that author suggests. As a proof 
of Mr. Bewick's great enthusiasm, we may give his laborious calculations of 
the aggregate tonnage of iron-ore to be extracted from the whole of Cleveland; 
the figures are — for they are worth recording — 4,820,000,000 tons ; which, he 
adds, "will suffice for treble the number of all the furnaces in Great Britain 
until A.D. 2,540 ! "What will be done in January, 2,541, Mr. Bewick does 
not add. Such a calculation, however, although taken literally as a mere idle 
curiosity, will sei-ve to express a practically unlimited supply, whUst we have 
no doubt but the higher seams will ere then be better known and more used. 
The Staiths' fishermen profess to know to a dozen the number of herrings on 
their coast, and we must class Mr. Bewick's calculations with theirs, as pat- 
terns of exactitude. 
The map of Cleveland which accompanies the volume we can only admire 
for its neatness of execution, and express a wish that it had been more accu- 
rate : since a map of such dimensions ought to be of invaluable service in an 
examination of the geology of the district. Li the first place, the basaltic 
dyke appears to have been dotted through the country about Danby without 
the slightest regard to accm-acy ; from Parke's Howe, at Tryup, to its appear- 
ance on the moor above Commondale, it is marked far to the south of its 
natural line. TVe notice the oolite colour covering many large tracts where 
the Lias shales most evidently exist ; as, for example, in the Yale of Kemps- 
withen, and part of Sleddale ; the whole of Scugdale, Lownsdale/ Northdale 
(Rosedale), the country near Ingleby Manor, between Little and Great Eiyup 
at the head of the former, and near Swainby, as well as a large tract near 
Roseberry. To the south of Guisborough there is a similar error in coloui*, and 
countless instances along the sea-coast. The Trias and Lias are divided by a 
seemingly ai'bitrary boundary, very wide from the actual one, as near Eston 
Junction and at Hutton Eudby. The words "German Ocean" might mis- 
lead a stranger, by commencing, as they do, several miles up the river Tees ; 
but we shall dismiss our corrections by a disproval of the entire neglect of such 
vast and important alluvial deposits, as are found at Saltbum^ Eunswick, 
Lealholme Bridge, and other places. A geological map, in our opinion, should 
mark the first geologic series beneath the superficial accumulations, and the 
one before us, if intended to do so, but HI fulfils the intention. Li conclusion, 
we would recommend all who can to investigate for themselves one of the most 
interesting parts of England to the geological student. 
