148 THE GEOLOGIST. 
it occurs also at Fery Den, &c. The flagstone of this third or lowest member 
of the group yields ripple-marks, rain-prints, worm-markings, and crustacean 
tracks (of several kinds, large and small). Farka decipiens has been found in 
the lowest grits ; and Cephalasj)is in the sandstone at Brechin, immediately 
under the grey flagstones. 
In the second member, namely the grey flags, fish-remains have of late been 
found more or less abundantly throughout the district, together with crus- 
tacean fossils. Cephalaspis LyeUii, Ichthyodorulites, Acanthodian fishes, Ttery- 
gotus, Euri/pterus, Kampecaris Forfariensis, Stylonurus Powriefisis, Parka 
decipiens, and vegetable remains are the most characteristic fossils. 
The author pointed out that some few genera of fish and crustaceans were 
present both in this zone and in the Upper Silui'ian formation, and that still 
fewer links existed to connect the fauna of the Forfarshii'e flags with the Old 
Red Sandstone north of the Grampians, with which it appears to have, in this 
respect, almost as little relation as with the Carboniferous system. With the 
Old Red of Herefordshii'e these flags appear to have some few fossils in com- 
mon ; but of about twenty species found in Torfarshire, only about four could 
be quoted from Herefordshire. 
In conclusion, the author noticed the vast vertical development of the whole 
series, and its great geographical extent ; and particularly dwelt upon the dis- 
tinctness of the fauna of the flagstones of Forfarshii-e, as giving good grounds 
for the treatment of the Old Red fauna as peculiar to a separate geological 
period, both as distinct from the Silurian system, and in some degree as divi- 
sible into two or more members of one group : — three members, if the upper 
or Holoptychius-beds of Moray, Perth, and Fife, the middle or fish-beds of 
Cromarty and Caithness, and the lowest or Forfarshire beds be counted sepa- 
rately ; but two, if we regard some of the Old Red beds north of the Gram- 
pians as equivalent in time to those on the south. 
January 9, 1861. — 1. "On the Distribution of the Corals in the Lias." Bv 
P. B. Brodie, M.A., F.G.S. 
From observations made by himself and others, the author was enabled to 
give the following notes. In the Upper Lias some Corals of the genera Theco- 
cyatlius and Trococyat/ius occur. The Middle Lias of Northamptonshire and 
Somersetshire has yielded a few corals. The uppermost band of the Lower 
Lias, namely, the zone with Ammonites raricostatus and HippopodiKm pon- 
derosum, contains an undescribed coral at Cheltenham and Honeybourn in 
Gloucestershire; and a Montlivaltia in considerable abundance at Down 
Hatherly in Gloucestershire, at Fenny Compton and Aston Magna in Worces- 
tershire, and at Kilsby Tunnel in Northamptonshire. The middle members of 
the Lower Lias appear to be destitute of corals. In the zone with Ammonites 
Biicklandii, called also the Lima-beds, Isastrcea occurs in Warwickshire and 
Somersetshire. Dr. Wright states that Isastroea JLirchifonii occurs in the next 
lowest bed of the Lower Lias, namely the White Lias with Ammonites plan- 
orliis, at Street, in Somersetshire ; and another coral has been found in the 
same zone in Warwickshire. Lastly, in the " Guinea-bed" at Binton in War- 
wickshire another coral has been met with. 
The Montlivaltiie of the Hippopodium-bed and the Isastraa of the Lima- 
beds appear to have grown over much larger areas in the Liassic Sea than the 
other corals here referred to. 
2. " On the Sections of the Malvern and Ledbury Tunnels, on the Wor- 
cester and Hereford Railwav, and the intervening Line of Raili-oad." By the 
Rev. W. S. Symonds, A-M.^ F.G.S., and A. Lambert, Esq., 
In this paper the authors gave an account of the different strata exposed by 
the cuttings of the Worcester and Hereford Railway (illustrated by a carefully 
constructed section), including the diff"erent members of the New Red Sand- 
