PROCEEDINGS OF GEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES. 
149 
stone (on the east of the Malvern hills), the syenite and greenstone (forming 
the nucleus of the Malverns), and the Upper Llandovery beds, the Woolhope 
shales, the Woolhope limestone, Wenlock shales, Wenlock limestone, and 
Lower Ludlow rock on the west side of the syenite, followed by some beds of 
the Old Red series, violently faulted against the Ludlow rock at the west end 
of the Malvern tunnel. Then the open railway passes over Upper Ludlow 
rocks and some lower beds of the Old Red series, here and there covered by 
drift, until the Lower Ludlow rock is again traversed at the east end of the 
Ledbury tunnel, and is shown to be much faulted and brought up against 
Upper Ludlow shales and Aymestry rocks. The Wenlock shales and the 
Wenlock limestones are then traversed ; these are much faulted, the Lower 
Ludlow rocks again coming in, followed by Aymestry rock. Upper Ludlow 
shales, Downton sandstone, and, at the east end of the tunnel, by red and 
mottled marls, grey shales and grits, purple shales and sandstones, with the 
Auchenaspis-beds, forming the passage-beds into the Old Red Sandstone, as 
described in a former paper (Quart, Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xvi., p. 193). 
In a note, Mr. J. W. Salter, E.G.S., described the great abunaance of 
Upper Silurian fossils found in these cuttings, and now chiefly in the collection 
of Dr. Grindrod and other geologists at Malvern and the neighbourhood. 
January 23, 1861. 
1. " On the Gravel Boulders of the Punjab." By D. Smithe, Esq., P.G.S. 
Li the Phimgota Valley (a continuation of the great Kangra or Palum Valley) 
the drift consists of sand and shingle with boulders of gneiss, schist, porphyry, 
and trap, from six inches to five feet in diameter. Some of the boulders, having 
a red vitreous glance, occur in irregular beds. This moraine-Hke drift lies on the 
tertiary beds, which, here dipping gently towards the plains, gradually become 
vertical, and are succeeded by variegated compact sandstones, gradually inclin- 
ing away from the plains ; next come various slates at a high angle, and gneissic 
rocks lie immediately over them. 
2. "Oi\ Pteraspis Dunemis {Arch(Soteut?iis Dunensis, Roemer)." By Prof. 
T. H. Huxley, P.R.S. Sec. G.S. 
The fossil referred to in this communication is from Daun in the Eifel, and 
was described by Dr. Eerd. Roemer (in the " Palseontographica," vol. iv. p. 72, 
pi. 13) as belonging to the naked Cephalopods, under the name of Falceoteuthis 
Dmiensis (changed to Archceoteuthis in the 'Leth. Geogn.') ; and in the Jahrb., 
1858, p. 55, Dr. E. Roemer described a second specimen from Wassennach on 
the Leacher See. Prof. Huxley, reproduced, with remarks. Dr. Roemer's 
description of the specimens ; and after observmig that Mr. S. P. Woodward 
liad already suggested (Manual of Mollusca, p. 417) that Roemer's fossil was a 
fish, he stated his conviction that it was reaUy a Pleraspis, agreeing in all 
essential particulars with the British Pteraspides, though possibly of a different 
species. 
3. "On the 'Chalk-rock' lying between the Lower and the Upper Chalk in 
Wilts, Berks, Oxon, Bucks, and Herts." By W. Whitaker, Esq., B.A., F.G.S. 
The author has more particularly examined the band which he terms " Chalk- 
rock," on the northern side of the western part of the London basin. Here 
it has its greatest thickness (twelve feet or more), to the west, graduaUv thin- 
ning eastward. It is a hard chalk, dividing into blocks by joints perpendicular 
to the bedding ; and it contains hard calcareo-phosphatic nodules. It contains 
no flints, and in the district referred to none occur below it, whilst there is 
often a bed of them resting on its upper surface. It seems to form an exact 
boundary between tlie upper and the lower chalk, being probably the topmost 
bed of the latter. In this case it will often serve as an index of the relative 
thickness of these divisions, or as a datum for the measurement of the extent 
of the denudation of the upper chalk. 
