PROCEEDINGS OF GEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES. 
207 
shales and clays umderlying these sands form the " Wadhnrst Clay" of the 
author, and are at places one hundred and sixty feet thick. This subdivision 
has yielded much ironstone in former times. It is underlaid by other sand and 
sandstones, more than two hundred and fifty feet thick, also yieldmg ironstone. 
These are termed " Ashdown Sand" by Mr.' Drew, on account of their forming 
the heights of Ashdown Forest. 
Eastward of the meridian of Tunbridge Wells Mr. Drew has found the same 
sequence of beds, and he believes a similar succession to occur around Battle 
and Hastings. Westward of Tanbridge Wells, as far as East Grinstead tlie 
same beds occur, but beyond that the Weald Clay and Tunbridge Wells sand 
alone are exposed; and the latter is here divided into upper and lower 
beds by shale and clay (termed "Grinstead Clay" by the author), which 
thicken westward to fifty feet and more. It is the " Lower Tunbridge Wells 
Sand" that forms natural rocks near Grinstead. Near Horsham the Weald 
Clay contains, at about one hundred and twenty feet from its base, bands of 
stoiie known as the " Horsham Stone," used for roofing and paving. 
The author then explained at large the grounds on which he proposed to 
replace Dr. Mantell's term " Horsted Sands" by " Upper Tunbridge Wells 
Sand," that of " Worth Sands," by " Lower Tunbridge Wells Sand," and that 
of "Tilgate Beds" by " Wadhnrst Clay" ; and his reason for proposing the 
name of ''Ashdown" for the next lowest bed of the "Hastings Sand." 
The paper concluded with a description of some of the chief litliological 
characters of the clays and sandstones of the Wealdcn area under notice. 
2. "On the Permian Rocks of the South of Yorkshire ; and on their 
Palseontological Belations." By J. W. Kirkby, Esq. Communicated by T. 
Davidson, Esq., E.G.S. 
The author, after defining the area to be treated of, first noticed the results 
of the labours of former observers in this district; and then succinctly described 
the several strata, referring to Professor Sedgwick's Memoir on the Magnesian 
Limestone for descriptions of the physical geograpliy, and very much of tlie 
lithological character of the country under notice. The strata treated of Mr. 
Kirkby recognizes (in descending order) as 1, the Bunter Schiefer, about fifty 
feet thick ; 2, the Brotherton Beds, one hundred and fifty feet ; 3, the small- 
grained Dolomite, two hundred and fifty feet ; 4, the Lower Limestone, one 
hundred and fifty feet ; 5, the Rothliegcndes or Lower Red Sandstone, one 
hundred feet. These were then compared and co-ordinated with the Permian 
strata of Durham, where the three limestone members are thus represented : — 
1. The Upper Limestone by the YeUow, Concretionary, and Crystalline Lime- 
stone (two hundred and fifty feet). 2. The Middle Limestone by the Shell- 
and Cellular Limestone (two hundred feet) and 3. The Lower Limestone by 
the Compact Limestone (two hundred feet) and the Marl-slate (ten feet). The 
over- and under-lying sandstones being much alike as to thickness in the two 
areas. 
After some remarks on the probable geographical conditions existing in tlie 
Permian epoch, the author proceeded to treat of the Permian fossils of South 
Yorkshire in detail. These belong to about thirty species, and are nearly all 
from the Lower Limestone ; three species only occurring in the Brotherton 
beds. With three exceptions they occur also in the several limestones of 
Durham ; five of them a^se found in the lower part of the red marls of Lanca- 
shire ; and six of them are found at Cultra and Tiillyconnel in Ireland. The 
distribution of the species in the several beds at different localities having been 
fully treated of, the Permian fossils of South Yorkshire were compared ; first, 
with those of Durham ; next, with those of Lancashire ; and thirdly, with those of 
Ireland. Remarks on the distribution of the Permian Fauna in time concluded 
the paper. 
