212 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
NOTES AND QUERIES. 
Tlixt Implements in Yorkshire. — Sir, — I enclose you a few specimens 
wMch I picked up last summer, and v.'h.ich, until I read your article in The 
Geologist," I regarded as arrow-heads ; but as I find no exact representation 
of them either in your Diagram or " The Geologist," I am disposed to 
think otherwise. The flint curiosities I enclose for your inspection I found at 
Pimber, in the East Eiding of Yorksliii-e ; they are to be met with lying in situ, 
associated with other flints of oui- ploughed lands. They are easily recognized 
by the great contrast in appearance to the natural flints of the upper chalk of 
our wolds, which are nearly black, whereas the flints from our chalk strata or 
seams possess a colour much lighter, which you will see from the enclosed ; 
besides, the black flints show sufficient evidence of having been chipped by 
hand for some use or other. 
It is well to remark, where these black tiints are found by ^ne in this locality, 
numerous " dykes" are contiguous (which run in different "(iirections), hence it 
is probable they may have been used as sling-stones by the warriors who 
cast up these lengthy and stupendous earthworks , if it can be proved that 
such missiles were used by the ancient Britons. Secondly, it may not be 
amiss to suggest Were these flints used by the aborigines in obtaining fire ? 
I only throw out these suggestions, for the dark-coloured flints have peculiari- 
ties different from our own district flints, and therefore our conclusion is that 
they must have been imported from some other chalk-region, where the flints 
are of such darker hue, either as implements for war, or for producing a light 
by concussion. It is well to notice, too, that these black flints are picked 
up and considered as contaimng within themselves the most fire ; we can well 
remember, in our time, these dark-flints being searched for to produce lights 
before the iuvention of the lucifer-matches. Again supposing these flints 
either to have been in use as " sling-stones" or fire-flints in the days of the 
ancient Britons, it is not at all improbable that they may be found some 
feet below the surface at Holderness, buried there by the sediments 
left by exceedingly high tides long previous to the great drainage being 
effected to keep the sea-water from inundating that district. 
Last spring we took a trip to Springbank, a place near Beverley, to see a 
boring-operation going on for an artesian well, and whilst soliciting information 
on a few geological topics, we were told by one of the workmen that a few 
broken smoking-pipes were brought up by the steam boring apparatus, a speci- 
men of which I have now in my possession. It has a thick head or bowl 
and stopper corresponding. A question might arise how have these pipes been 
embedded so deep in the earth ! 
In addition to the sling-stones or fire-flints, I have enclosed one which has 
a resemblance to an arrow-head, which I found in the same locality. These 
flints may have been used for both purposes, as then' structure indicates. — Yours 
&c., Robt. Moutbieb. 
New Lingula Fossils.— Deab Sib,— I have just received several new 
species from the Lingula flags of North Wales, including a perfect specimen 
of Agnostus venulosus. This fossil is the characteristic species of the alura-slates 
of Sweden, and supposed to be exclusively confined to them, and only very 
recently found in Great Britain,— also two new species oiAsaphus, A. innotatus, 
and A Stijgius, also Theca operculata, with operculum, which are very rare, and 
a new bivalve. 
■u J ^l^^ ^^^^^ °^ ^^^^^ species of shells from the Lingula- 
beds, but have not yet received any.— Yours faitlifully, James R. Geegoby, 
