NOTES AND QUERIES. 
397 
tiou no frontal sinus whatever exists, whilst a rather considerable frontal eleva- 
tion is exhibited ; whilst in the chimpanzee in which a remarkable supraorbital 
development exists, no frontal sinuses have been discovered. 
Professor Schauffhausen gives the measurement of a humerus, and radius, 
1 wo femora, in a perfect condition, and of part of ulna, humerus, ilium, scapula, 
and ribs ; and it appears from his statements, that they exhibit characters of a 
human race, far transcending the present as regards power of muscle, as indi- 
cated by the thickness and rugosity of the bones. 
The presence and degree of development of the frontal sinus in the human 
and simian forms, are as follows : — 
European , 
Papuan 
Neanderthal skull . 
Gorilla 
Chimpanzee 
Superciliary Arch. 
SmaU 
Rather large 
Large 
Very large . , 
Large 
Erontal Sinus. 
Large. 
None. 
Large. 
None. 
The above shows the difficulty of predicating the amount of the frontal sinus 
by the development of the supraciliary arch. 
The author of the article in the " Westminster Review," which announces 
Dr. SchauCThaussen's discovery, describes his specimen as " the ruin of a soli- 
tary arch in an enormous bridge, which time has destroyed, and which nmy 
have connected the highest of animals with the lowest of men. But, even 
though the frontal bone of this remarkable skull constitutes a link intimately 
uniting the cranial conformation of the ancient human inhabitants of Europe 
with the simial, there is no evidence that in respect to size, the brain which 
that skull once contained approached more nearly to them than do the brains 
the Alfourian and lowest negro races. 
It seems, therefore, that the party who have affirmed man^s descent from a 
transmuted ape affect to find in the recently discovered human bones transitional 
links between the human and simian forms. The more cautious reasoner on the 
genesis of man, whilst affirming his origin by secondary law, gives due weight 
to those remarkable discrepancies between the structure of the lowest man and 
the structure of the highest ape, which would appear to auger for the human 
subclass a more exalted origin than the gorilla or Dri/opithecus. 
We find in the Neanderthal cranium a very fair development of brain, and 
in the general shape of the skull, (the supraciliary ridge apart), we find nothing 
which approaches to the gorQla. No interparietal crest, obliterating the sagittal 
suture, extends along the head ; and although the hinder part of the skull is 
broken away, we cannot infer anything which approaches to an occipital or 
lambseoid crest. None of the other characters which so prominently differen- 
tiate the human from the simian sub-kingdoms are to be found in this ancient 
skuU. It is not cerebraUy inferior to the Papuan or Negro races. 
Was this man from the Neanderthal of the same species as that which now 
dominates over the animal creation ? Dr. Latham, in his Ethnological Apho- 
risms, says, " that all existing varieties of man may be referable to a single 
