BRITISH ASSOCIATION MEETING. 
539 
run ill a north-west and south-east directiou. The line just mentioned ^vill 
divide our area into two parts, a triangle and a quadrilateral. The distance of 
every part in the triangle from the southern boundary (and hence the easterly 
tension) is greater than from the northerly one. The diiference, too, increases 
as we go northwards ; lience the lines of fracture will tend to change from a 
north-west and south-east into a north and south direction more an^ more as 
Avc go further north. Similar reasoning will show that in the quadrilateral 
the direction of the fissures will tend to become more and more nearly east and 
west as wc go towards its north-east corner. 
REMARKS ON THE BONE-CAVERNS OF CRAVEN. 
Bt J. 11. BuuRO^v, Esq., B.A. 
The author said that the cave-remains before the meeting were found mainly 
iu Victoria and Doukerbottom caves, near Settle, Yorkshire. These caverns 
are but two of a large number M'hich occur in the mountain-limestone, and 
more especially in the Lower Scar Limestone (of Phillips). They are of various 
kinds, dry, wet, from a few yards in length to a mile, merely passages, or 
scooped out into great chambers. Doukerbottom consists of two chambers, 
with very long passages between tlicm. Victoria Cave, which was discovered 
by Mr. Jackson, of Settle, has in it four large chambers, close to eacli otlicr, 
and before the tlooring of clay was washed in, probably forming one gigantic 
apartment. The general section of the caves is : — Eirst, from a foot to eight- 
een inches of soil, in which arc tlie bones of recent animals. Second, about 
six inches of the ancient flooring of the cave, when it was inhabited by man : 
in this were found all the antiquities which were discovered, and tlie bones of 
animals similar to those last mentioned. Third, dense stiff clay of very great 
thickness, in which no antiquities and scarcely any bones were found. Fourth, 
the original rocky floor of the cave, resting on Avhich were bones differing in 
colour, lightness, &c., from the others. Tlic antiquities found in the second 
stratum M'cre flint implements, adze-heads of stone, sliug-stones ; of bone — 
Firrow-heads, combs, and pins ; shells and wolf's teeth pierced for a necklace. 
Tiiese were evidences that an uncivilized race liad occupied the cave ; but 
besides tiiesc were fibula", armlets, and rings of bronze and iron ; and coins of 
Roman emperors, from Nero to Constautine. The l)oncs found were of recent 
historic period, animals such as the wild boar and tlie wolf ; but with these 
were other animals of prehistoric age, the cavc-tigcr and the cave-hyrona, found 
side by side with the antiquities ; and it has l)een argued that they are there- 
fore contemporaneous with man. The author, however, showed that their 
resence in such a position was accidental, and proved too much ; for, if these 
ones were contemporary with the antiquities, tliey were also contemporary 
with the coins, wliich come doAvn to 400 a.d. — a time at which we are certain, 
from history, there were no such animals in England. The present evidence 
from these caverns of man's contemporaniety with such animals was not to be 
trusted. 
