'I'he Longevity of B\vds. 
53 
their pets to the care of relations or servants, who from the best meant 
motives may replace an animal, which dies under their charge, by 
another, apparently similar, to avoid hurting the feelings of its owner. 
Tu one case, I personally know of, the substitution was detected 
by the owner from the fact that the "changeling" (which had 
been ordered from a London shop) was of a different sub-species to 
the deceased pet In other cases, wliere a pet lias died in my care and 
I have produced and owned to a suijslitutc, tiie owners luuc refused to 
believe it, taking specific characteristics of appeiuance or habits as 
individual peculiarities of their own (former) property. 
Those members of the Clul) wiio are interested in the sidiject of 
the Longevity of Birds will, if they have not already done so, find 
much information by reading the three undermentioned interesting 
works :— 
1880. — " On the Duration of Life of the Animals in the Zoological 
Garden at Frankfort-on-the-;\Iain," by Max Schmidt. P.Z.vS. 1880, 
pages 299 to 319. 
1892. — " A handbook of the Management of Ani-^als in Captivity 
in Lower Bengal," by R. B. Sanyal. Published at Oalcuttn, 1892, 
1899. — " On the Comparative Ages to wiiich Birds live," liy J. H. 
Gurney, published in the " Ibis " (seventh series, No. xvii,) for 
January 1899. pages 19 to 42. 
As a small contribution towards our knowledge on this subject 
I may add a list of thirty one individual Hirds tliat I have had alive in 
my 
charge for ten rears or more 
Yrs. 
mths. 
days 
1. 
M mini ori/rjrurd. Java Sparrow 
10 
2 
•211 
2. 
Cdcatmi (jnleritit. ? Greater Sulpluu'- 
crestcd Cockatoo 
11 
1 
27 
anrl still alive 
3. 
Ciicntim (jii iiiiiiiiiis. Bare-eyed Cockatoo... 
u 
4 
4 
4. 
L'lriiict'in iiKsira. Slender-billed Cockatoo 
11 
4 
4 
5. 
11 
4 
4 
(). 
PdUvoniix torqiiatd. Ring-necked Parr .dfeet 11 
1 
.27 
7. 
.]///riis ii('i/!/j)fiii.s. Egyptian Kite 
HI 
B 
0 
«. 
fiilnix. Griffon Vulture. 
11 
4 
4 
9. 
11 
4 
4 
10. 
Xcap/i rii/i iirrciKipteriDt. Egyptian Vulture. 
4 
4 
11. 
Pt'lcciii/Ks iiiiiicrnfdJ iiK. White Pelican. 
1(1 
0 
0 
12. 
11 
0 
2(; 
and still alive 
13. 
11 
1) 
26 
14. 
11 
0 
2G 
15. 
11 
4 
4 
16. 
riifpxveiix. Red-backed Pelican. ... 
11 
2 
23 
17, 
.1 iiJcit piirpiirod. Puiple Heron. 
10 
4 
0 
