Habits of the White-winged DovL 
I was of the opinion that males did not aid in incubation, 
but this I was unable to ascertain with certainty. Occasionally 
I saw both parents perched on the sides of a nest that contained 
young, but all birds that were definitely identified while engaged 
in incubating were females. Each male chose a perch near the 
nest site, usually from ten to thirty feet away, and remained 
there on guard while the female was sitting, save for the time 
required to secure food. Such perches were selectd in situa- 
tions that were well shaded from the direct rays of the sun during 
the heat of the day, and when not occupied could be readily 
located by the collection of ordure, often considerable in 
quantity, on the ground beneath. 
In early morning White-winged Doves began to call soon 
after day-break, and when tne sun appeared above the horizon 
were heard cooing in every direction. At this period of the day 
many males came out to rest on dead limbs in openings in the 
mesquite monies, or flew to more distant perches in mesquites 
or cottonwoods where they basked in the warm rays of the sun. 
Others chose perches in the tops of living mesquites where the 
thin foliage did not cast an appreciable shade. In mid-forenoon 
when the heat became oppressive they retired again to protective 
stations. Males had two distinct songs, that were given without 
apparent choice. One of these efforts may be represented by 
the syllables who hoo who hoo-oo' . The first three notes were 
gruff and abrupt, the last one strongly accented and somewhat 
prolonged. The other song, longer and more complicated may be 
noted as who hoo, whoo hoo, hoo-ah' , hoo-hoo-ah' , who-oo. 
In this case the song was separated in five parts. The first 
section was short and low, the second louder and almost merged 
with the third ; the third and fourth were more musical than the 
others and were strongly accented on the last syllable, while the 
last part was lower and more or less slurred. At times the 
doves gave one or the other of these two songs in repetition for 
long intervals, or again alternated them rapidly. The longer 
song was more varied and pleasing to the ear as the other 
frequently was given in a burring, guttural tone that was often 
unpleasant. In addition to these songs males uttered a low, 
querulous, muttered note resembling quch queh-eh that served 
as a call to the female, or was given when squabbling with other 
