DISCOVERIES WITH SACRED HISTORY. 23 
each day is reckoned from the beginning of one 
evening to the beginning of another evening). 
This first evening may be considered as the ter- 
mination of the indefinite time which followed 
the primeval creation announced in the first 
is indeed so far stronger than asak, " made," in that bara can 
only be used with reference to God, whereas asah may be applied 
to man. The difference is exactly that which exists in English 
between the words by which they are rendered, *' created" and 
^' made." But this seems to me to belong rather to our mode of 
conception than to the subject itself; for making, when spoken 
of with reference to God, is equivalent to creating. 
The words accordingly, bara, created — asah, made — yatsar, 
formedj are used repeatedly by Isaiah, and are also employed by 
Amos, as equivalent to each other. Bara and asah express alike 
a formation of something new (de novo), something whose exist- 
ence in this new state originated in, and depends entirely upon 
the will of its creator or maker. Thus God speaks of Himself as 
the Creator " horee'' of the Jewish people, e. g. Isaiah xliii. 1, 
15 ; and a new event is spoken of under the same term as *' a 
creation," Numb. xvi. 30, English version, " If the Lord make a 
new thing :" in the margin, Heb. '' create a creature," Again, 
the Psalmist uses the same word, Ps. civ. 30, when describing 
the renovation of the face of the earth through the successive 
generations of living creatures, '' Thou sendest forth thy spirit, 
they are created; and thou renewest the face of the earth." 
The question is popularly treated by Beausobre, Hist, de Mani- 
cheisme, torn. ii. lib. 5, c. 4; or, in a better spirit, by Petavius 
Dogm. Theol. tom. iii. de opificio sex dierum, lib. 1, c. 1, § 8. 
After having continually re-read and studied this account, I 
can come to no other result than that the words " created" and 
'* made" are synonymous, (although the former is to us the 
stronger of the two), and that, because they are so constantly in- 
terchanged ; as, Gen.i. ver. 21, "God crea^ecZ great whales:" ver. 
25, " God made the beast of the earth ;" ver. 26, " Let us make 
man ;" ver. 27, " So God created man." At the same time it is 
