ANCIENT SUBMERGED FOREST. 495 
trunks of large coniferous trees, converted to 
flint, and by stumps of these trees standing erect 
with their roots still fixed in their native soil. 
(See PI. 57, Fig. 1 .)* 
PI. 57, Fig. 3, exhibits similar stumps of trees 
rooted in their native mould, in the Cliff imme- 
diately east of Lidworth Cove. Here the strata 
have been elevated nearly to an angle of 45'', 
and the stumps still retain the unnatural inclina- 
tion into which they have been thrown by this 
elevation. 
The facts represented in these three last figures 
are fully described and explained in the paper 
above referred to; they prove that plants be- 
longing to a family that is now confined to the 
warmer regions of the earth, were at a former 
period, natives of the southern coast of Eng- 
land. f 
* The sketch, PI. 57, Fig. 2, represents a triple series of cir- 
cular undulations, marked in the stone, which surrounds a single 
stump, rooted in the dirt-bed in the Isle of Portland. This very 
curious disposition has apparently resulted from undulations, 
produced by winds, blowing at different times in different di- 
rections on the surface of the shallow fresh water, from the sedi- 
ments of which the matter of this stratum was supplied, while the 
top of this stem stood above the surface of the water. See Geol. 
Trans. Lond. N. S. vol. iv. p. 17. 
i- The structure of this district affords also a good example 
of the proofs which Geology discloses, of alternate elevations and 
submersions of the strata, sometimes gradually, and sometimes 
violently, during the formation of the crust of our planet. 
First. We have evidence of the rise of the Portland stone, till 
it reached the surface of the sea wherein it was formed. 
Secondly. This surface became for a time, dry land, covered by 
