FOSSIL LEAVES OF PALM TREES. 517 
of a wami temperature, seems to indicate that 
the chmate of Europe during the Tertiary period, 
was warmer than it is at present. 
Fossil Palm leaves. 
We have seven known localities of fossil Pahii 
leaves, in the Tertiary strata of France, Switzer- 
land, and the Tyrol ; and among them at least 
three species, of flabelliform leaves, all differing 
not only from that of the C/iamcerops humilis, the 
only native palm of the South of Europe, but also 
from every known living species.* These leaves 
are too well preserved to have endured transport 
by water from a distant region, and must appa- 
rently be referred to extinct species, which, in 
the Tertiary period, were indigenous in Europe. 
No pinnated Palm leaf has yet been found in 
the Tertiary Strata, although the number of these 
forms among existing palms, is more than double 
that of the flabelliform leaves. t 
* The leaf represented in PI. 64. fig-. 1. is that o^ 'd. fiabelli- 
form Pahn (Palmacites Lamanonis), from the Gypsum of Aix in 
Provence ; similar leaves have been found in three other parts of 
France, near Amiens, Mans, and Angers, all in strata of the 
Tertiary epoch. Another species (Palmacites Parisiensis) has 
been found in the Calcaire Grossier, near Versailles {Cuvier and 
Brongniart, Geognosie des Environs de Paris, PI. 8, fig. 1. E.) 
A third species of Palm leaf (Palmacites flabellatus) occurs in 
the Molasse of Svvitzerland, near Lausanne, and in the Lignite 
of Hoering, in Tyrol. See PI. 1. figs. 13. Q6. 
t The Date, Cocoa-nut Palm, and Areca are familiar exam- 
ples of Palms having pinnated leaves. See PI. 1. figs. 67. 68. 
