126 
FAULTS AND DIKES. 
Such phenomena have been called faults^ and they 
exist in England and many other parts of Europe 
to a much greater extent than in this country. 
The following cut will represent the manner in 
which the coal-measures are sometimes elevated :* 
Fig. 36. 
0/' "^o 
The preceding cut represents the section of a coal- 
field in England, several miles in extent, divided into 
four compartments, A, B, C, D, by faults, which 
have raised the strata to different depths from the 
surface. In the part of the field (A), the main body 
of coal, X, is 900 feet from the surface, and is cov- 
ered by various strata of sandstone and shale (Nos. 
1, 2, 3, &c.). In the part B, the same bed of coal, 
X, is raised to within 200 feet of the surface, and 
the strata above are entirely wanting. In the part 
C, the coal, X, is 700 feet from the surface, and the 
strata No. 2 is again seen over the coal. In D the 
coal is brought within 200 feet of the surface, and 
only a little of the strata 5 is seen. Another thing 
worthy of notice is, that the surface of the ground 
above these dislocations is always level, showing 
that the strata which had been upheaved had been 
removed by some cause. For example, the part of 
the coal-field marked B in the above cut has been 
* Bakewell's Geolo^y^ 
