EARTHQUAKES. 
203 
ing-nets ; linen, with the texture perfect ; vessels 
full of almonds, chestnuts, walnuts, &c. ; also loaveg 
of bread, with the bakers name stamped on them; 
a jar containing medicinal herbs ; moist olives in 
glass cases ; caviare^ or roe of a fish, in a fine state 
of preservation : boxes of pills on the counter of an, 
apothecary ; and, lastly, an abundance of papyri ot 
manuscripts, mostly written in Greek. l 
Earthquakes. — We have only space for a brief 
notice of the phenomena connected with earth- 
quakes, but as they are the result of the same 
causes which occasion volcanic action, it is proper 
to notice them more in detail than we shall be able 
to do. We have already seen that earthquakes are 
most frequent and violent in volcanic districts an(^ 
countries immediately adjacent ; indeed, they maV 
be said to form an inseparable attendant upon vol-) 
canic excitements, though they often happen wherel 
volcanic fires are dormant or extinct. "It is iri 
volcanic countries," says Philips, " that proofs havei 
been found of the real displacement and positive! 
elevation of land on particular days and during par- 
ticular earthquakes ; while, at points far remote from 
Vesuvius and Hecla, the land is slowly rising in 
Scandinavia; perhaps slowly sinking in Greenland; 
perhaps alternately elevated and depressed on some 
parts of the shores of Britain." 
In the year 1822, the Chilian coast (South Ameri- 
ca) for the space of 1200 miles was agitated by a 
convulsive movement, and elevated, for the distance 
of 100 miles, from two to seven feet ; the shock o^ 
the earthquake having extended over an area of 
100,000 square miles. In 1835, another shock was 
experienced on the same coast, attended with an 
eruption of the volcanic cones on the Andes. An 
enormous wave, 28 feet high, destroyed Talcagua-no ; 
columns of smoke rose in the sea, followed by 
whirlwinds, and the land was elevated in different 
places from one to ten feet ! 
