226 
GNEISS. 
Primary Stratified Rocks, 
After presenting this general outline of the range 
of the primitive formations in the United States, 
and the unstratified rocks in particular, it will be 
proper to devote a few remarks to the considera- 
tion of the primary stratified rocks. 
Gneiss.* — The oldest of these, and one that occu- 
pies more surface in New-England than any other, 
is gneiss rock. Indeed, it is one of the most ex- 
tensive formations in all primitive countries. With 
the same mineralogical constitution as granite, and 
lying next to it, with its ingredients arranged in a 
stratified form, it has evidently been produced by 
the disintegration of that rock, and its structure 
modified by various causes. There are many vari- 
eties of this rock, according to its structure and 
composition, as granitic^ lamellar, porphyritic, tal- 
cose, &c. Many of the mountain ranges and hills 
of the NcAV-England States are composed of gneiss, 
such as the White Mountains of New-Hampshire, 
some of the Green Mountain ranges of Vermont, 
Hoosic and Wachusett Mountains in Massachusetts, 
and we trace it forming most of the hills and ridges 
in the northern and western part of Connecticut. 
A large portion of the mountainous districts in 
the State of New- York are formed of gneiss ; as 
those of Essex, Montgomery, Herkimer, Oneida, 
St. Lawrence, Orange, Dutchess, Putnam, and 
Westchester counties. It forms the lofty High- 
lands near West Point, as well as the high peaks of 
Essex, one of which (Mount Marcy) rises 5467 feet 
above the ocean. In many parts of this state, the 
stratification of this rock is very obscure, and its 
texture confusedly crystalline, the mica not being 
distinctly disposed in parallel layers. Indeed, it 
may often be seen passing into distinct granite. 
* See page 63 for a description of gneiss. 
