326 IRON ORES OF NEW-YORK. 
known extent of country. The ore is the compact 
red hematite, and yields 44 per cent, of pure metal- 
lic iron, and 50 per cent, of cast iron. By a simple 
calculation, it can be shown that, as a cubic foot of 
the ore weighs 200 lbs., if the bed were wrought to^ 
the depth of 100 feet, and 500 feet in length, it would 
yield 45,000,000 cubic feet of ore. A vein of mag- 
netic iron ore exists on Marshall's Island, about 
three feet wide; and on the Aroostook River is ^ 
bed of red hematite iron of the best quality, 36 feet 
wide, and of immense and unknown length. 
In New-Hampshire, Vermont, and Massachusetts^ 
iron ore is also abundant ; and in Connecticut, at 
Salisbury, is the most valuable kind of iron ore 
wrought in this country, of which more than 3000 
tons of pig iron are annually manufactured. The 
malleable iron obtained from this region is highly 
valued for its toughness and softness, and is exten- 
sively employed in making anchors, musket and pis- 
tol-barrels, wire, and all kinds of hollow ware. The 
public armory at Springfield is supplied with this 
iron, and from it are made most of the large anchors 
for the United States' navy. 
IRON ORE OF NEW-YORK. 
The State of New-York also furnishes an abun- 
dance of this useful metal. In Columbia and Dutch- 
ess counties the mines are numerous and easily 
worked, and free from water. These beds yield 
annually about 20,000 tons of ore, which is worth 
at the spot from $1 50 to $2 50 per ton. Within 12 
miles of Amenia there are 10 furnaces, which make 
10,000 tons of iron per annum, and afford employ- 
ment to 1000 men. Ther^e are several other furna- 
ces in Columbia and Dutchess counties; and the 
aggregate value of the pig iron made at them all is 
estimated at $500,000 per annum. Much of this 
iron, especially that made from the bed in Amenia^ 
which yields 5000 tons of ore per annum, is said to 
