w 
IRON ORES OF NEW-JERSEY. 329 
niense demand of iron for railroads and other purpo- 
ses, and also the high price that bar iron com- 
mands,* it is remarkable that the attention of capi- 
talists is not more directed to the manufacture of 
this important article. The value of iron and steel 
imported into the United States during the year 
1836, was $7,717,910 ; and in 1835, $5,000,000. 
During the seven years previous to 1836, the im- 
portation of iron was seven per cent, over the sev- 
en years from 1821 to 1828. The demand for rail- 
road iron during the next ten years will probably be 
greater, by far, than during the last ten. 
IRON ORES OF NEW- JERSEY. 
The whole of the primary region of Jersey, 
which we have already pointed out, abounds in 
iron ore, which constitutes three lodes or veins of 
vast longitudinal extent, always in the direction 
of the strata including them. They occur, as in 
the State of New- York, in the granitic gneiss rock, 
ranging and dipping with it. These veins are usu- 
ally from six to twelve feet thick, but they have no- 
where been explored at a greater depth below the 
surface than 212 feet. The ore is generally the 
magnetic oxide, containing about 67 per cent, of 
metallic iron. Bergen, Sussex, and Morris coun- 
ties are rich in iron deposites. In 1830 there were 
28 furnaces and 108 forges in the state ; and the 
value of the iron manufactures was $1,000,000. 
Since then they have much increased. 
IRON ORES OF PENNSYLVANIA AND OHIO. 
Few regions of similar extent, in any country on 
the globe, possess this invaluable mineral in such 
quantity and variety as these two states. The lime- 
* Dr. Jackson states that at Woodstock, Me., bar iron com- 
mands $120 a ton ; generally in Maine, $100 per ton ; and cast- 
ings, $75 per ton ; and, while it can be manufactured for $35 
per ton, the profit may easily be calculated. 
Ee 2 
