330 IRON OP PENNSYLVANIA AND OHIO. 
stone valleys, as those of the Kittatinny, abound in 
brown iron ore, including the two varieties, hematite 
and pipe ore ; while nearly the whole series of coal 
measures contain an equally profuse supply of rich 
argillaceous ore. When we consider the contiguity 
of these two minerals, their invaluable adaptation to 
each other, their exhaustless abundance, how their 
presence is calculated to stimulate to the cultivation 
of the useful manufacturing arts, the industry of the 
people, what a glorious picture of wealth, of activ- 
ity, of prosperity and happiness, does the contem- 
plation present ! 
To form some idea of the value and importance 
of the iron business in Ohio, we present the follow- 
ing extract from a report of Dr. Hildreth on the 
manufactures of the two counties, Scioto and Law- 
rence, in the year 1836. " The furnaces make an 
average amount of 1000 tons of pig iron per year, 
some of them making more than this quantity, and 
others less. During the past season, pig iron has 
been worth $40 per ton at the landing, where the 
metal is delivered to purchasers. Producing an 
amount of iron worth $250,000 per year, one half 
of this quantity is made into castings and stoves, 
directly as the metal flows from the furnace, worth 
$60 per ton, which will add $130,000 more to the 
gross amount, making the sum of $650,000 as the 
product of these 13 furnaces. The number of fur- 
naces is steadily on the increase, several new ones 
going into operation the present year ; in addition to 
which, the bar iron manufactured at the forges will 
swell the present amount to a considerably larger 
sum. Each furnace employs, on an average, about 
100 men and 50 yoke of oxen, all of which are fed 
from produce grown in these counties, and those 
lying higher up the country on the Ohio and Mus- 
kingum rivers, affording an extensive home market 
for large quantities of corn, oats, flour, and bacon, 
and already nearly as important as that of Cincin- 
