GYPSUM. 
349 
and Nova Scotia, where more than twenty exten- 
sive quarries are worked, and the material exported 
to Boston, New-York, and other places. In the 
State of New- York, gypsum is abundant, particu- 
larly in Onondaga and Madison counties, and in the 
vicinity of Cayuga Lake, whence several thousand 
tons are annually exported to Pennsylvania. The 
gypsum of New- York is often connected with com- 
pact limestone and calcareous sandstone, and at 
Manlius it alternates with an argillaceous slaty 
rock ; at the Helderberg it is connected with cal- 
careous sandstone. Indeed, gypsum-beds extend 
on both sides of the Erie Canal, along the southern 
part of Wayne county, but generally too low for 
profitable exploration. At Clyde, it lies 25 feet be- 
low the surface ; at Lyons, 40 feet ; at Palmyra, 
the same. Near Newark, a reddish variety, con- 
sisting of large, round, and irregular masses, is quar- 
ried which sells for from $2 50 to $3 per ton. 
That which is transparent is called isinglass plaster^ 
and, tht)iigh often rejected as useless, is the most 
valuable kind of all. A stratum of gypsum ex- 
t^fnds also across the southern part of Monroe 
county, occupying all that portion south of Black 
Creek, and between it and Allen's Creek. In the 
town of Wheatland, about 5000 tons are annually 
obtained, part of which is used on the land in the 
county. 
The gypsum of New- York is contained in the 
calciferous slate of Eaton, which, by consulting our 
table of equivalent formations, will be found very 
low down among our rocks, indeed, next to the 
graywacke slate of Hudson River. In excavating 
for the Syracuse railroad, about 40,000 tons of gyp- 
sum were thrown out between Camillus and Au- 
burn, estimated to be worth $35,000. Indeed, the 
gypsum is exposed at various points in the excava- 
tions for the distance of five or six miles. In th© 
