66 
SANTAREM. 
Chap. I. 
after studying the habits of these insects daily for 
several months, that the winged Termites were males 
and females in about equal numbers, and that some of 
them, after shedding their wings and pairing, became 
Kings and Queens of new colonies ; also, that the 
soldiers and workers were individuals which had arrived 
at their full growth without passing through the same 
stages as their fertile brothers and sisters. 
A Termitarium, although of different shape, size, 
texture of materials, and built in different situations, 
according to the species, is always composed of a vast 
number of chambers and irregular intercommunicating 
galleries, built up with particles of earth or vegetable 
matter, cemented together by the saliva of the insects. 
There is no visible mode of ingress or egress, the en- 
trances being connected with covered roads, which are 
the sole means of communication with the outer world. 
The structures are prominent objects in all tropical 
countries. The very large hillocks at Santarem are 
the work of many distinct species, each of which 
uses materials differently compacted, and keeps to its 
own portion of the tumulus. One kind, Termes are- 
narius, on which these remarks are chiefly founded, 
makes little conical hillocks of friable structure, a foot 
or two in height, and is generally the sole occupier. 
Another kind (Termes exiguus) builds small dome- 
shaped papery edifices. Many species live on trees, 
their earthy nests, of all sizes, looking like ugly ex- 
crescences on the trunks and branches. Some are 
wholly subterranean, and others live under the bark, 
or in the interior of trees : it is these two latter 
