Chap. Y. 
DISTRIBUTION OF MONKEYS. 
327 
Insectivora, and the Bats. All the typical Lemurs, which 
constitute the great majority of the family, inhabit 
exclusively the Island of Madagascar. 
The Pithecidse are divisible into three gTOups, which 
aofain are much more distinct from each other than the 
subordinate groups of Cebidse. These are the Anthro- 
poid section, to which some zoologists consider man 
himself belongs, comprising the Gorilla, the Chimpan- 
zee, the Orangs and the Gibbons ; the Guenons (which, 
in their forms, tempers, and habits, resemble the Cebidse), 
and lastly, the Baboons, whose extreme forms— the dog- 
faced species, with nose extending to the tip of the 
muzzle — seem like a degradation of the monkey type. 
There is nothing at all resembling the Anthropoid apes 
and the Baboons existing on the American continent. 
The Guenons, too, have only a superficial resemblance 
to American monkeys ; for they have all thirty-two 
teeth, nostrils opening in a downward direction (instead 
of on the sides, like the Cebidse and Marmosets), and 
are, moreover, linked to the Baboons through interme- 
diate forms (Macacus), and the possession of callosities 
on the breech, and other signs of blood-relationship. 
A few more words on the peculiar way in which these 
groups of monkeys are distributed over the earth's sur- 
face. We may consider, in connection with this subject, 
the great land masses of the warmer parts of the 
earth to be four in number. 1. Australia, with New 
Guinea and its neighbouring islands : 2. Madagascar : 
3. America : 4. The Continental mass of the Old World, 
comprising Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Islands of the 
Malay Archipelago, which latter are connected with 
