COEBESPONDENCE. 
59 
I proposed for the Texan elephant are, to a certain extent, neutralized by 
the fact that in his S^'noptical Table, such " geof^raphical names " are re- 
tained and put forth into circulation, as Ohioticua, Blum. ; Pyrenaicus, 
Lartet ; Andium, Cuvier ; Perimensis, Falc. ; Arveniensis, Croizet and 
Jobert ; Sivalensis, Falc. ; meridionalis, jN^esti ; Africanus, Blum. ; Hj/- 
sudricus, Falc. ; Indicus, Linn. ; Arineniacus, Falconer. It there appears 
that out of the twenty-eij^ht species of Elephas and Mastodon known, at 
least eleven have names given founded on their regional habitats, for four 
of which names Dr. Falconer is individually responsible. In the same 
memoir in which he tells us " the distinctive characters of species are com- 
monly founded on something more intrinsic and tangible," he actually 
proposes to add another geographical name " to the list, to denote the 
pigmy elephant of Malta {E. Melitensis, Falconer). 
Other original observers have alluded to the diversity of species in the 
American elephants. "It appears that the ]\Iammoth {E. primigenius) 
ranged quite as far north in America as it did in Europe at one time, and 
indeed much further south (Sir Charles Lyells ' Travels in North Ame- 
rica,' vol. ii. p. 58), if the identification of its remains by the American 
geologists be a correct one, and there be no other species there correspond- 
ing to the Elephas antiquus or prisons of Europe."* In the ' Geologist' 
for April, 1861, a note appears, by Mr. G. E. Eoberts, on the occurrence 
of a large elephantine beast in Texas, at the junction of the rivers Guada- 
lupe and Comal. 
In the recently-published geological text-book of Prof. Dana, it is 
stated:! "The American elephant ranged from Georgia, Texas, and 
Mexico on the south, to Canada on the north, and Oregon and California 
on the west. A tooth was found in ancient alluvium near the Colorado, 
114^° W. and 35|° N. (]Newberry). Parts of one skeleton were dug up in 
Vermont, at Mount Holly, 1415 feet above tide level. The species ap- 
pears to have been most abundant to the south, in the Mississippi valley, 
it preferring a warmer climate than that of E. printirjenitis. Fig. 837 [la- 
belled E. Americanus'] represents one of the teeth found in the state of 
Ohio. . . . The elephant in northern North America, in the British pos- 
sessions, is supposed to have been the Siberian species." Dana states 
elsewhere,;!; that the EJejyhas primigenius seems not to have gone far south 
of the parallel of 40°. Dana's figure is 
copied from a manuscript Palseontolo- 
gical Eeport of Warren's Expedition 
to the Upper Missouri, by Meek and 
Haj'den. The tooth exhibits twelve, 
or perhaps thirteen, enamel disks, of 
which the sixth and seventh show evi- 
dent traces of the " expansion me- 
diane" on which Dr. Falconer laj's so 
much stress. I am, however, very 
doubtful to what species this can be 
referred. Lartet has already told us : — 
*' Les dernieres public-ations de M. le 
professeur Leidy, de Philadelphie, Elephas Americanus. From Dana's 
viennent de nous reveler I'existence ' Manual of Geology.' 
dans I'Amerique du nord d'une faune pliocene, ou figurent une nouvelle 
espece de mastodonte {M. mirijicus) et un tres-grand elephant {E. impe- 
* Jukes, 'Student's Manual of Geology,' 2ncl ed., 8vo, Edinburgh, 1862. 
t Dana, 'Manual of Geology,' 8vo, Philadelphia, 1863, p. 562. 
X Loc. cit. p. 5G0. 
