08 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
freshwater lakes, which arose from gkciers damming the months of the 
valleys and reversing their drainage, at a date subsequent to that of the 
great land-glaciation of Scotland, owing to a re-extension of the glaciers 
after the chief submergence of the Drift period. 
Fchruary Uli. — 1. " On a Hyajna-den at Wookey Hole, near Wells." — 
Ko. II. By AV. Boyd Dawkins, Esq., B.A., F.G.S., of the Geological 
Survey of Great Britain. 
The former but partial exploration of this cave by the author convinced 
him of the desirability of a more rigorous examination, the details of which 
were given in this paper, with a Table of the species of Mammalia whose 
remains were met with, showing the distribution of the teeth and bones in 
the several parts of the cave, and also a statement of the general results 
arrived at. A consideration of the distribution of the remains in the 
cavern and their close juxtaposition to the roof, coupled with the fact that 
the flint and chert implements discovered were found in much lower posi- 
tions, led Mr. Dawkins to infer that the bones had been dragged in by 
hyaenas, and that the cave had been subjected to periodical inundations of 
waters laden with red mud, whereby the bones had been elevated by 
degrees until they occupied their present position. After a detailed 
discription of the bones, the author concluded by some general remarks 
upon the bearing of this cave-fauna upon the ancient physical geography 
of the district, and the antiquity of the associated implements of human 
manufacture. 
2. " On the discovery of Paradoxides in Britain." By J. W. Salter, Esq., 
F.G.S., of the Geological Survey of Great Britain. 
A short sojourn in the neighbourhood of St. David's enabled Mr. Salter 
to discover, at Porth-rhaw, near AVhitchurch, on the St. David's road, a 
gigantic Trilobite belonging to a genus which has been long sought for in 
the British Isles, The author gave a short description of the geological 
features of the locality, and a section showing the succession of beds 
belonging to the Primordial Zone in Wales, as well as a diagnosis of the 
newly-discovered Trilobite, which he named Paradoxides Davidi. 
3. " On the Fossil Echinida? of Malta." By Thomas Wright, M.D., 
F.G.S. With Xotes on the Miocene Beds of the Island, by A. Leith 
Adams, A.M., M.B. (22nd Eegiment.) 
The Echinoderms, described in this paper by Dr. Wright, were dis- 
covered by Dr. Leith Adams, during a careful examination of the strata and 
geological features of Malta. A description of the miocene beds was given 
by the latter gentleman, in which he stated his reasons for not acceptmg 
entirely the classification of them proposed by Captain Spratt, and fol- 
lowed by Earl Ducie in his Ge logical Map of" tiie Maltese Islands. He 
divided the miocene strata into the following subdivisions : — 1. The Upper 
Limestone ; 2. The Sajid Bed ; 3. The Marl ; 4. The Calcareous Sand- 
stone ; 5. The Lower Limestone ; and again subdivided the Upper Lime- 
stone into three parts. Dr. Wright gave a diagnosis and detailed descrip- 
tion of forty species of Echinidae, eighteen oif which are new ; and Dr. 
Adams added a Table showing their stratigraphical distribution. 
February 2()th. — The anniversary meeting at Somerset House was rather 
thinly attended. The obiluary notices included the names of Trench, 
Leonhard, Kev. J. Cumming, Broun, Bertrand de Done, J. C. Kesbit, 
and the Marquis of Breadalbane. The Wollaston gold medal was awarded 
to Prof Gustav BiscliofF, of Bonn, for his work on Chemical Geology; 
the AYollaston fund to Professor Senft, of Eisenach, to assist him in his 
labours in the classification of rocks. " His work on that subject," 
the president remarked, " was of high esteem in Germany, and would no 
