144 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
tion of Otac^o was 7,500, and a fortnightly escort brought to Dunedin 
upw ards of 30,000 oz. of gold, giving to each digger an average of at 
least 1 oz. per week. Up to 31st March, 1862, the total export of gold 
from New Zealand was :— from Otago, 359,639 oz. =£1,393,600 ; Nelson, 
46,591 oz. =£180,541 ; Auckland, 354 oz. = £1,372 : total, 406,584 oz.= 
£1,575,513 value. Vv^ith regard to gold-mining, Dr. Lindsay considers it 
destined to become one of the regular, permanent industrial resources of 
Otago ; and he looks upon the supply of gold as at present unlimited, and 
considers all mechanico-chemical contrivances at present known as inade- 
quate to the exha\istion of its auriferous deposits. 
II. A series of lignites or brown coals. These were divided into, first, 
those of Cainozoic age, contained in the lower or older auriferous drift, and 
probably co-extensive therewith, and showing the abundance of the depo- 
sits, and their general distribution over the province. Other specimens dis- 
played the transition stages from wood to coal, and illustrated the general 
resemblance, on the one hand, to the " Surturbrand " of Iceland, and the 
brown coal of Germany [Bonn, etc.] — Cainozoic lignites ; and, on the other, 
to the " coals" of Mesozoic and PalaBOzoic ages. There were also some 
selected for comparison with the older and newer Cainozoic lignites of the 
Province of Auckland [Drury, Hunua, St. George's Bay, Auckland, etc.], 
and with the Palaeozoic [Carboniferous] and Mesozoic [Cretaceous and Ju- 
rassic] coals of the province of Nelson. The second series of specimens were 
the so-called " coals " of Fairfield, Saddleliill, Tokomairiro, Clutha, etc. ; 
sold at a market-price in Dunedin of £2 per ton. Appended to the speci- 
mens were the results of chemical analyses. Of the associated strata, the 
specimens exhibited were — quartz-conglomerate [" cement "] and sand- 
stones, building-stones, clays, fire- and potter's clays, kaolins, ochres, 
laterite, shales and limestones, partly fossiliferous [Dicotyledonous leaves, 
etc.]; and of included minerals — iron-pyrites, alum, etc. 
III. A series of fossiliferous limestones and associated strata, instituting 
a comparison with similar strata in other parts of New Zealand, at present 
supposed to be — 1. Cainozoic, representatives of Eocene [Bognor beds, 
etc.], beds, etc. ; Mesozoic, Cretaceous and Greensand, representatives 
of Maestricht and Faxo beds, etc. ; Jurassic, containing Plesiosaurus aus- 
tralis, etc. ; Triassic [equivalents of the Muschelkalk.] — 3. Palaeozoic, 
Permian and Carboniferous. 
IV. Moa-bone deposits, organic remains mostly of dinornis, partly of 
palapteryx, etc. ; age partly recent, partly Cainozoic, from the Waikouaiti 
bed, etc. 
V. Kauri-gum deposits, indicative of former prevalence of Kauri forests 
over great part of Otago, mostly in Cainozoic strata [auriferous drift, etc.], 
Waitahuna, Tokomairiro, basin of the Clutha, etc. 
YI. Volcanic [Trappean] rocks, mostly Cainozoic, with a general re- 
semblance of those of Dunedin to those of Edinburgh. Basalts, columnar, 
spheroidal, granular, schistose [clinkstone and Lydian stone]. Contained 
minerals, zeolites, olivine, augite, etc. Tuffs, amygdaloidal, slaggy or 
scoriaceous ; comparison of latter form with the scoria of the extinct cra- 
ters of Auckland. Contents : Sulphur and sulphur muds, steatites, litho- 
marges, ochres, and umbers (used as pigments) ; siliceous and other pseudo- 
morphs ; schorl, nephaline, and other minerals ; porphyries and amygda- 
loids [basalt and claystone, etc.], trachytes, etc. 
VII. Illustrations of the parallelism between the Kjokkenmoddings of 
Denmark, and the refuse-heaps of former Maori pahs and villages. 
Shell-mounds, edible and existing species of Cai'clium, Ostrea, Mytilus, 
Patella, Venus, llaliotis, etc., Maori ovens and baking-stones, ashes and 
