156 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
to Gallus Bravard), also, are put in tlie Eocene instead of the 3Iiocene 
columns. Latkornis / emuinus is also accidentally put in the Maestricht 
instead of in the Eocene column. Insert the X in Pliocene column against 
Ci/gnusferus ; and the X in Cavern column against Falco ; and the X against 
Gastornis Varisiensis in Eocene column; the X in the PZioce/ie column 
against Cygnus ferus. 
EEVIEAVS. 
Geological Observations on South Australia, principally in tJie district 
South-east of Adelaide. By the Kev. J. E. Woods, F.G.S., etc. 8vo. 
Longman. 1862. 
We have in this book the results of an amateur geologist's well-directed 
observations on the geological structure of a considerable portion of South 
Australia daring his residence there as a missionary, actively employed, 
and both willing and able to find occupation and amusement, during his 
leisure hours and solitary rides, in studying nature and the physical fea- 
tures of the country. The chief geological feature of the south-eastern 
portion of South Australia is a wide-spread limestone, mostly white and 
friable, composed largely of Bryozoa, especially of a large Cellepora 
(C gamhieriensis. Busk). The upper part of the limestone is often com- 
pact and without fossils, and it passes by degrees into the lower softer bed, 
which is full of Bryozoa, Terebratulse, Pectines, and other bivalves, with 
numerous Gasteropods (chiefly casts), several Echinoderms, Shark-teeth, 
etc. The author gives a full account of this limestone, its flint-layers, 
iron-pjTites, rock-salt, and fossils ; and remarks that, though it has some 
characters in common with the white chalk of England, yet it is really to 
be compared with the Sufiblk Crag. He ascribes the origin of this deposit 
to a great reef, or reefs, of Bryozoa, such as have given given rise also to 
the Maestricht chalk and the Crag of SuSblk ; but in explaining the na- 
tural history of such a reef, Mr. Woods has very unfortunately confounded 
" corallines," " corals," and " moss-corals " (partly by intent, and partly 
for want of exact zoological knowledge), to such an extent, that few of his 
non -scientific readers (to whom he particularly addresses himself) will 
understand that " corallines " are really stony seaweeds or algse ; corals, 
humble animals, but little raised above the sponge families; whilst moss- 
corals or Bryozoa (termed also Polyzoa) rank higher in the animal scale, 
and belong to a very different group. The external resemblance of cer- 
tain Bryozoa to corals, long ago led some geologists to regard the lower 
Crag of Suffolk as being made up of " corals," and to give it the name 
"Coralline," — a word which already had another meaning in connection with 
the calciferous Alga3. As neither corals nor corallines occur (or but very 
rarely) either m the Suffolk or the South Australian Crag, coralline " must 
be a misnomer for either of them ; and we hope that Mr. Woods will re- 
collect this if his work comes to a second edition, as we hope it will. 
Some of the fossils of the white limestone ander notice are illustrated by 
indifferent woodcuts ; we trust that Mr. Woods will find some opportunity 
of having all his fossils carefully figured and determined by some working 
palaeontologist. Mr. Busk has examined and named some of the Bryozoa 
(p. 8-1) ; the Foraminifera have been determined by Mr. Jones, of the Geo- 
logical Society (p. 71) ; and Professor M'Coy seems to have examined 
others of the fossils; Mr. Woods, therefore, has made some progress in the 
elucidation of the palaeontology of the interesting formation \^hich has 
