FOEEIGN INTELLIGENCE. 
227 
angle of tlie jaw in a Bengalese, a Javanese, and a Bellovacian (Belgian) ; 
indications only in a Laplander, a young negress, and an Egyptian mummy. 
In opposition to this, an aged Egj^ptian mummy and a ^s^ew Caledonian 
have exhibited this trait very decidedly, and in a Malay of Batavia it is 
as marked as in our fossil, or very little less. Thus different human races 
present all degrees of this character : but at the same time the inverse 
character presents itself in the majority of individuals of all races.* jNevv 
comparisons are necessary, without doubt, to appreciate the value and the 
signification of these cliaracters. 
" To v^hat causes belong these contrary dispositions? "Without -wishing 
to be too positive, I see in them, at present, the elFect of the action of the 
masseter acting outside, and of the internal, pterygoid acting inside. The 
relative weakness of the latter explains ^yhJ the masseter ordinarily pre- 
vails. Their accidental preponderance would be cai sed by the habit of 
grinding the food, a habit which persons advanced in age often have. 
This last observation was made by M. Jacquart, Assistant JNaturalist to 
the Chair of Anthropology. As to the canal or gutter, we only see there 
an exaggeration of that which exists normally. It is, indeed, at this point 
that we fuid the channel designed to contain the submaxillary gland. The 
inflection of the edge of the bone alone renders it more prominent and 
deeper. The same savant called my attention in a special manner to the 
form of condyle. The inferior internal border of its head is here, indeed, 
very little marked. Its head is, moreover, perhaps more rounded and 
larger outwards than ordinary ; but these peculiarities cannot be con- 
sidered as essential characters. In the same race very great diiierences 
may be noticed. In the Tahitians and the New Caledonians the head of 
the condyle is sometimes nearly triangular, with one of the sides of the 
triangle placed outwards, and one of tlie angles inwards. Last)}'-, may not 
age here again exercise an inlluence P I would say as much, from the 
great opening that the sigmoid erhancrurc presents. We see tlius iiovv 
many studies and comparisons should still be made before pronouncing 
on the real value of the peculiarities which the Abbeville jaw presents. 
" Thanks to M. Lartet, I have been able to compare already this jaw 
"with a median portion of the same bone, found by him in the rubbish 
{cUhlais) of the cavern of Aurigrac, and with the body of the same bone 
discovered by M. de A^ibra3^ in the cavern of Arcy. M. Pruner-Bey 
kindly joined M. Lartet in the comparative examination that we made 
of these precious remains. On all points we concurred in the same opi- 
nions. 
" In the portions common to them all, these three bones presented slight 
differences, but also resemblances. Thus the canal or gutter I spoke of 
just now, was distinguished from that in the Aurignac jaw, as well as from 
that in the Arcy, inasmuch as it appeared perhaps a little more decided 
there than the former. . . . 
" In respect to the Abbeville jaw, it appears to all three of us to be 
very pi-obably that of an aged individual, and in any case, of small size, 
or approaching, at most, middle stature. 
" I will add, that in this jaw there is absolutely nothing that supports 
the ideas entertained by some adventurous minds, who make out man to 
be descended from the ape by means of successive modilicatious. This 
jaw is somewhat more feeble than strong ; altogether characteristic of 
man; and it has nothing of the ferocioiis jphysiognomy, J mi^y he ^er- 
mitted the expression, that is sometimes displayed in the same part of the 
skeleton in existing races. 
* Dr. laicoQcr came iudepcudeutly to the same conclusions. 
